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World History Exploration Review

Terms in this set (35)

What are the motives for Europeans to explore the world?
1) God - spread religion
2) Gold - wealth
3) Glory - discoveries of trade routes and the New World to expand their empires
What was the original goal of exploration?
1)trade routes to Asia
2)religion
3)to break the Muslim and Italian hold on trade
What new technologies allowed the Europeans to explore?
1)compass & astrolabe to find routes to faraway places
2)caravels (Portuguese ships with triangular sails that allowed ships to sail against the wind)
3)better cartography
Who did the Spanish replace the Native Americans with to work the plantations?
West Africans
What advantages did the West Africans have as slaves to work on the plantations?
They had gained immunity to European diseases and knew how to farm.
What natural resources did North Americans have?
water power, coal, iron ore, rivers, harbors, wood
What natural resources did South America have?
gold
What was the effect of England's victory and defeat over the Spanish Armada, fleet?
England took Spain's position as the world's greatest naval power.
What was the effects of Spanish exploration?
It led to more European colonies around the world and expanded foreign trade and overseas exploration.
Who were the conquistadors?
They were Spanish soldiers and explorers who led military expeditions in the Americas; conquered the Aztec and Incan Empires; captured and claimed land for Spain.
What affect did the Spanish conquistadors have in the Americas?
1) Established settlements
2) Seized wealth of Native Americans
3) Introduced Christianity to the colonies
4)Conquered Aztec and Incan Empires.
What is Columbian Exchange and its impact on the Old and New World?
The exchange of plants, animals, ideas and diseases between the New World (Americas)
and the Old World (Europe). Impact: Infected Native Americans to new diseases
What are the Old World and New World items that were in the Columbian Exchange.
Old World (Europe): Plants-bananas, sugarcane, oranges, onions and lettuce. Animals-horses, cow, chickens, goats.
New World(Americas): tomatoes, potatoes, corn, beans, squash, chocolate, tobacco.
What is market economy and how does it work?
An economic system in which private individuals set up, own, and direct buisnesses that produce goods and services. The price of goods is determined by consumers.
How did exploration and trade contribute to the growth of capitalism in Europe?
Explorers spread and the exchange of products between European countries. People started investing money into trading companies which contributed to the start of mercantilism.
What is mercantilism and how does it work?
Mercantilism is the theory that a nation's wealth is determined by its status or power by:
1)obtaining a large supply of gold and silver.
2)exporting more than they importing
3)favorable trades & balances
What is a cottage industry?
A home or village based industry where families supply their own equipment to make goods to sell.
Vasco de Gama
(1498) This Portuguese sea captain sailed around the Africa and land in India. He established the first all-sea route to Asia for further trade.
Pedro Cabral
He claimed Brazil for Portugal in 1500. He had intended to follow Da Gama to India but was blown off course giving Portugal it's first claims to the Americas.
Christopher Columbus
1492 - Italian navigator who was hired by Spain (King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella); he tried to find west route to Indies but discovered "New World" (the Americas). Discovered North America!
Ferdinand Magellan
(1480-1521) Portuguese-born navigator. hired by Spain to sail to the Indies in 1519. He was the first to circumnavigation of the globe. He proved world was round!
Hernan Cortes
(1485-1547)Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico In 1519, he led soldiers to Tenochtitlan; placed it under siege with the help of natives; defeated the Aztec Empire and began Spanish empire in Mesoamerica.
Francisco Pizarro
A Spanish conquistador and explorer. He conquered the Inca Empire, naming Peru's capital Lima. Helped discover the Pacific Ocean.
John Cabot
English explorer who claimed Newfoundland for England while looking for Northwest Passage; he sailed to Newfoundland (Canada) for King Henry VII of England.
Giovanni de Verrazano
An explorer in service of the French, who explored the Atlantic Coast (east) of North America between the Carolinas and Newfoundland, including New York Harbor.
Henry Hudson
An English explorer who explored for the Dutch. He claimed the Hudson River around present day New York and called it New Netherland. He also had the Hudson Bay named for him.
Columbian Exchange
A global exchange of people, plants, animals, technology, and disease form Americas to Europe. Began by Christopher Columbus. Brought about a commercial revolution and mercantilism.
Who was the first European to sail around Africa and land in India?
Vasco da Gama
Why did France and England send explorers to America?
They wanted trade route to Asia and New World (Americas) riches.
How did the Spanish conquer the Aztec and Inca Empires?
They had better weapons and they brought new diseases.
What is considered the New World?
Americas
What is considered the Old World?
Europe
The Columbian Exchange is responsible for all of the following except ________________.
A.spread of disease from Europe to America.
B.introduction of the horse to Europe🐴
C.spread of American crops to Africa and Asia.
D.introduction of firearms to America.
What was a result of the Columbian Exchange?
the spread of Christianity.
Who started the age of exploration?
Portugal
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