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AP BIO UNIT 1 - CHEMISTRY OF LIFE

Terms in this set (41)

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and ______________
a. a different number of neutrons
b. a different number of atoms
c. a different charge
d. a different number of electrons
a different number of neutrons
The weighted AVERAGE of an element's naturally occurring isotopes is known as its ______________
a. Group Number
b. Chemical Formula
c. Atomic Number
d. Atomic Mass
Atomic Mass
The basic unit of all matter is the _________________.
a. Electron
b. Molecule
c. Cell
d. Atom
Atom
What is the overall charge of the atom's nucleus?
a. Neutral
b. Positive
c. Negative
Positive
Which contains the most common elements found in organic compounds?
a. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
b. Copper, magnesium, and sulfur
c. Chlorine, phosphorus, and sodium
d. Calcium, iron, and potassium
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
The atomic number is always the same as the number of ___________________ in an atom.
a. Electrons
b. Protons
c. Neutrons
d. Nuclei
Protons
Which of the following is NOT a chemical compound?
O2
The only difference between ions of the same element is _______________________.
the number of electrons
This type of bond results when an electron from one atom is transferred to another, thus holding them together because of their opposite charges
ionic
A chemical element is a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of ______________.
Atom
When carbon becomes radioactive, it decays into nitrogen and has a half-life of 5730 years. If the organism originally contained 10,000 C-14 atoms, how many C-14 atoms will remain after 11,460 years?
2500
Which of the following is responsible for the cohesive property of water?
a. Hydrogen bonds between water molecules and other types of molecules
Hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and a hydrogen atom of another water molecule
c. Covalent bonds between the hydrogen atoms of two adjacent water molecules
d. Hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atoms of two adjacent water molecules
e. Covalent bonds between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and a hydrogen atom of another water molecule
Hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and a hydrogen atom of another water molecule
Which of the following are THREE of the emergent properties of water?
a. It is slow to change temperature (specific heat)This answer is correct.
b. Water is strongly attracted to other molecules of water (cohesion) and other electronegative atoms like O, N and F (adhesion)This answer is correct.
c. High energy, warmest water molecules are the first to turn to gas (evaporative cooling)This answer is correct.
d. The way in which the hydrogens atoms attach to the oxygen atom (nonpolar covalent bonds)
It is slow to change temperature (specific heat)a. It is slow to change temperature (specific heat)

Water is strongly attracted to other molecules of water (cohesion) and other electronegative atoms like O, N, and F (adhesion)

High energy, warmest water molecules are the first to turn to gas (evaporative cooling)
You have two beakers. One contains pure water, the other contains pure methanol (wood alcohol). The covalent bonds of methanol molecules are nonpolar, so there are no hydrogen bonds among methanol molecules. You pour crystals of table salt (NaCl) into each beaker. Predict what will happen.
a. It contains hydrogen atoms.
b. It is an ionic compound.
c. It forms hydrogen bonds.
d. It contains oxygen atoms.
e. It is nonpolar.
NaCl crystals will dissolve readily in water but will not dissolve in methanol.
Which of the following is most directly responsible for water's unique properties?
It forms hydrogen bonds.
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