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Bio quiz 2

Terms in this set (44)

How are primates different from all other mammals?
Only primates have opposable thumbs in many species.
Lampreys and hagfishes are similar in that they both:
lack jaws
have a notochord
have a cranium
lack paired appendages
all of the above

ALL
The fact that marsupial and eutherian mammals have a number of similar-looking species even though they evolved along separate mammalian lineages is due to:
convergent evolution
Which group may have lungs or gills and may use the skin as a respiratory surface?
Amphibians
Which of the following statements about phloem tissue is correct?
The sugar-conducting cells of the phloem are alive at functional maturity.
Starting from the tip of a developing root in a typical angiosperm and moving to the above-ground stem, what is the correct order of structures?
root cap, zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of maturation (differentiation).
Root hairs are important to a plant because they
increase the surface area for absorption.
Some botanists argue that the entire plant should be considered as a single unit rather than a composite of many individual cells. Which of the following structures best supports this view?
the plasmodesmata
Stomata open when guard cells:
become more turgid because of an influx of K+ followed by the osmotic entry of water.
A molecule in a plant is transported by going into the cytosol of one cell, leaving the cytosol and entering the cell wall, and then entering the cytosol of a second cell. This molecule has taken which transport route?
transmembrane
Which of the following statements about reproduction in flowering plants is incorrect?
The generative cell undergoes one round of meiosis to form two polar nuclei.
How many mitotic divisions are required for conversion of the megaspore to the female gametophyte?
three
The male gametophyte of an angiosperm is _________.
contained within the pollen grain
Pollination occurs when ______ .
pollen from the anther is transferred to the stigma of the carpel.
Plants can use several mechanisms to reduce the chances of self-fertilization. Which of the following is not one of these mechanisms?
brightly colored bracts that replace petals
Which of the following plant hormones is not a growth promoter?
abscisic acid
You are preparing seeds for shipment abroad. The trip may take several weeks. To ensure that the seeds do not germinate prematurely you might consider treating them with:
abscisic acid
The main mechanism(s) by which a signal transduction pathway can enhance an enzymatic step in a biochemical pathway is by:
A. transcriptional regulation
B. post-translational modification of preexisting enzymes
C. dephosphorylation of cGMP

Correct! D. both A and B
If you were shipping green apples to a supermarket thousands of miles away, which of the following chemicals would you want to eliminate from the plants' environment to prevent early ripening?
ethylene
Which plant hormone, developing in an apical bud, either directly or indirectly inhibits the growth of lower axillary buds?
auxin
Which of the following chordate groups include(s) humans?
Amniotes, Gnathostomes, Hominins
Which of the following statements describing hominin evolution is/are correct
Homo sapiens is the only surviving member of a highly branched evolutionary tree of hominin species.
Select the vertebrate taxon or taxa whose origin(s) involved duplication of Hox genes.
Gnathostomes, Craniates
What is the significance of the evolution of Hox gene clusters during vertebrate evolution?
Duplication of Hox genes made increased morphological complexity possible.
Plants and animals respond differently to the environment. Which statement most accurately compares the responses of plants and animals to changes in their environment?
Animals tend to respond to changes in their environment by movement; plants tend to respond to changes in their environment by growth.
What process is most important in the expansion of plant cells?
Water uptake
Select the correct statement about plant growth.
A plant may produce juvenile and adult leaves at the same time.
Select the best description of the significance of the meristems of plants.
Plant meristems are permanently embryonic regions within the plant body.
Which tissue(s) make(s) up the bark of the woody stem shown here?
Both secondary phloem and periderm
Select the accurate statement about water potential.
Water in a turgid cell has positive pressure potential
A plant cell is placed in distilled water, as shown in the figure. There is a net uptake of water by osmosis, causing the cell to become turgid. Select the correct statement about this setup, after the cell is fully turgid.
The water potentials (ΨΨ) of the cell and its surroundings are the same.
Select the correct mechanism of stomatal opening and closing.
The radial orientation of cellulose microfibrils in the cell walls of guard cells causes them to bow outward and open the stomatal pore when turgid.
Select the correct statement about variation in stomatal density.
Stomatal density is developmentally plastic.
If a plant's stomata are closed and no transpiration is occurring, which of the following predictions is accurate?
Without transpiration, less water will be absorbed from the soil.
Which of these represents the female gametophyte generation of an angiosperm?
An embryo sac
Which of these represents the male gametophyte generation of an angiosperm?
Cells within a pollen grain
Select the correct statement(s) about angiosperm seeds.
An angiosperm seed contains structures contributed by three generations of plants.
Which of these structures is/are produced by fertilization of egg and sperm?
An embryonic sporophyte
Select the correct statement about double fertilization in the angiosperm life cycle.
Double fertilization produces a diploid sporophyte and a triploid endosperm.
Both plants and animals respond to environmental stimuli. Identify the correct statement(s) about this response
The molecular processes determining how plants and animals perceive environmental changes are equally complex.
The molecular processes determining how plants and animals perceive environmental changes are often homologous.
Both plants and animals have physiological cycles called circadian rhythms.
How do plant and animal hormones differ?
In plants more so than in animals, it is the balance between existing hormones, rather than hormones acting in isolation, that controls growth and development.
Though they are not mobile, plants have effective defenses against biological attack. Identify the correct statement(s) about these defenses.
Plants have R proteins that recognize pathogen-derived molecules
.Plants may defend against herbivores by producing compounds that reduce protein function in the herbivore.
Some plants respond to herbivore damage by releasing volatile compounds. Identify the correct effect(s) of volatiles.
Volatiles may warn nearby plants of the same species, so that they can mount a biochemical defense.
Volatiles may attract parasitoid wasps to attack an insect herbivore.
When a plant is attacked by a pathogen, it may respond by carrying out a defense that causes cell and tissue death near the infection site, restricting the spread of the pathogen. What is the name of this defense?
The hypersensitive response
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