ajcc staging

what is the posterior/lateral border of neck level III
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Terms in this set (63)
what is the posterior/lateral border of neck level III
lateral border of SCM or sensory branches of the cervical plexus
what is the posterior/lateral border of neck level VI
common carotid artery
what is the inferior border of neck level IA
body of hyoid
what is the anterior/medial border of neck level IB
anterior belly of the diagastric muscle
what is the most common site of distant spread of tumors from the head and neck
lungs and bones
in what level are nodes most at risk for harboring metastases from cancers arising from the oral cavity, nasopharynx, floor of mouth, anterior oral tongue, and mandibular alveolar ridge
upper jugular nodes (IA)
which level of nodes are at greatest risk of harboring cancers from the hypopharynx, thyroid, cervical esophagus, and larynx
IV (lower jugular)
what level is the virchow node located in
IV
what neck level is most likely to harbor cancer from the cutaneous structures of the posterior neck and scalp
V (posterior triangle group)
HPV associated cancers occur more often in younger, healthier individuals with little or no tobacco exposure. Which HPV subtypes are most commonly detected?
16 and 18
head and neck tumors that are HPV and EBV related most commonly arise where?nasopharynx and oropharynxwhat is the minimum amout of lymph nodes that a neck dissection of an untreated patient yield15an adequate neck dissection yields at least how many lymph nodes15true or false: the base of the tongue is included in the specific sites that the oral cavity is divided intofalsewhat is the most common site of met for lip and oral cavity cancerslungwhat is the rationale for measuring lip and oral cavity tumors before fixationthey can shrink up to 30% after formalin fixationwhat is the T category for a lip/oral cavity tumor that measures greater than 4 cm or has a depth of invasion greater than 10mmT3what is the T category for a lip/oral cavity tumor that measures 2 cm or less in greatest dimensionT1what is the T category for a lip/oral cavity tumor that measures between 2 and 4 cmT2the "horizon" and plumb line" are used to measuredepth of invasionmost salivary gland tumors arise in _______ but most malignancies arise in _______parotid submandibulara salivary gland tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension without extraparenchymal extension is what T stageT1if a major salivary gland tumor is larger than 4 cm and/or has extraparenchymal extension what is the T stageT3what are the 3 regions of the pharynxnasopharynx oropharynx hypopharynxthe most common metastatic sites for epithelial tumors of the nasopharynx are: (list 3)lung, bone, infraclavicular lymph nodesan unidentified primary nasopharyngeal cancer can be associated with what virusEBVnasopharyngeal carcinoma is often best treated withradiotherapya nasopharyngeal tumor extending to the oropharynx will have a T category ofT1what is the most common IHC stain used to detect HPV mediated carcinogenesisp16what is the most common site of distant mets for HPV mediated oropharyngeal cancerlungwhat is the T category for an HPV mediated oropharyngeal cancer tumor that is larger than 2 cm but smaller than 4 cmT2true or false: HPV unrelated cancers have a better prognosis than HPV related cancerfalsea p16+ oropharyngeal cancer measuring 2 cm will have a T category ofT1oropharyngeal cancers most commonly spread to these lymph nodes:upper and mid jugularwhat morphological change to a specimen resection should be anticipated, once it is placed in formalinit will shrink up to 30% in soft tissues hhypopharyngeal cancers often spread to these 3 lymph nodesparapharyngeal, paratracheal, and lower jugulartrue or false: p16 testing is mandatory for oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomasfalsea hypopharyngeal tumor measuring 3 cm with extension to the esophagus will have a T category ofT3what type of pharyngeal cancers are keratinizingp16 negative_________ is the region of the pharynx extending from the plane of the superior surface of the soft palate to the superior surface of the hyoid boneoropharynx_______ begins anteriorly at the posterior choana and extends alone the plane of the airway to the level of the free border of the soft palatenasopharynxwhat region of the pharynx includes the vault, lateral walls, fossa of rosenmuller)nasopharynxwhat region of the pharynx includes the base of the tongue, the inferior/anterior surface of the soft palate, and the uvulaoropharynx________ is the portion of the pharynx that extends from the plane of the superior border of the hyoid bone to the plane corresponding to the lower border of the cricoid cartilagehypopharynxwhat region of the pharynx includes the pyriform sinus and the postcricoid regionhypopharynxwhat is the most common site of sinonasal malignancymaxillary sinuswhat is ohngrens linea plane connecting the medial canthus of the eye to the angle of the mandibledistant spread of sinonasal carcinomas usually occurs to thebonea maxillary sinus tumor invadig the medial wall of the orbit would have a T category of:T3a nasal cavity tumor involving the anterior orbital contents would have a T category of:T4aa glottic tumor involving the paraglottic space would have a T category of:T3the true vocal cords are nearly devoid of __________ in contrast to the supraglottislymphaticsa tumor arising on the false vocal cords and that is limited to just one subsite is what T stageT1a mucosal melanoma tumor involving the overlying skin will have a T category ofT4amucosal melanomas arise from:intramucosal melanocyteswhy is the staging and imaging different for mucosal melanomas vs other head and neck cancerstumors limited to the mucosa and underlying soft tissue are both T 3what are the prognostic indicators used in mucosal melanoma stagingdepth of invasion regional lymph node assessment histopath typewhat site of mucosal melanoma has the worst prognosisparanasal sinusof the head and neck cancers that are not melanoma, which is the most lethalsquamous cell carcinomaa head and neck SCC tumor with a diameter larger than 2 cm is what T categoryT2the majority of deaths from cutaneous SCC appear as a result of:uncontrolled locoregional recurrence_________ and _______ are important variables for the prognosis of cutaneous SCCtumor thickness and depth of invasionfor head and neck SCC, there is a 2.1 fold risk of metastasis for tumors larger than ____4cm