ajcc staging pt 2

what makes up most anal canal cancers
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Terms in this set (59)
what makes up most anal canal cancers
squamous cell carcinoma
from most proximal to most distal, what are the 3 histologic types of mucosa in the anus
glandular, transitional, and squamous
what is immediately proximal to the dentate line
a narrow zone of transitional mucosa similar to urothelium
what does the dentate line divide
the more proximal transitional epithelium from the squamous epithelium
where do tumors above the dentate line typically spread to
anorectal, perirectal, and internal iliac nodes
where do tumors below the dentate line typically spread to
superficial inguinal nodes
what are the most common sites of distant metastasis from anal cancer
liver and lungs
the most common HPV types associated with verrucous carcinoma of the anus is
6 and 11
what type of cancer arises on the perianal region and tends to have a better prognosis with a lower risk of recurrence
basal cell carcinoma
an anal tumor with a greatest dimension of 6 cm with no invasion to adjacent organs is what T caategory
T3
an anal tumor with a greatest dimension of 2 cm is what T categoryT1an anal tumor between 2 and 5 cm is what T categoryT2an anal tumor of any size that spreads to adjacent organs is what T stageT4what is the presumed precursor to anal adenocarcinomaextramammary pagets diseasewhich of the livers functional segments define the transverse planeportal vein branchesa 4 cm liver tumor with tumor thrombus in the right portal vein is what T stageT4what are the 2 most common sites of distant mets from hepatocellular carcinomalungs and bonesthe bile ducts are lined with _______ epitheliumcolumnarwhat are 3 contributing factors to development of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomachronic viral hepatitis hepatobiliary parasitosis intrahepatic lithiasisa bile duct tumor with multiple foci but no extension to the liver parenchyma is what T stageT2True or false: a focus of tumor at the cystic duct is not considered an intrahepatic bile duct malignancytruegallbladder cancers are staged according to what 3 criteriadepth of invasion involvement of the visceral peritoneum extension to surrounding structureswhat 3 components make up the gallbladder wallmucosa tunica muscularis perimuscular connective tissuea 0.8 cm tumor of the gallbladder is located at the neck of the gallbladder with extension to the adjacent liver parenchyma, what is the T category?T3what is often associated with carcinoma of the gallbladdercholelithiasistrue or false: gallbladder tumors lovated on the peritoneal side carry a worse prognosisfalsewhat location makes up about 50-70% of all bile duct carcinomasleft and right hepatic ductwhich perihilar cholangiocarcinoma subtype and is often surgically resectable and has the best prognosispapillaryhow does thyroid carcinoma spread?hematogenousa thyroid tumor that is 1 cm and is limited to the thyroid would have a T stage of?T1what T stage is a 1.0 cm anaplastic thyroid carcinoma haveT4a thyroid tumor that is between 2 and 4 cm and does not extend beyond the thyroid has what T stageT2a thyroid tumor greater than 4 cm limited to the thyroid or any size with minimal extrathyroid extension is what T stageT3in order from most common to least common what are the types of thyroid cancerpapillary follicular medullary anaplasticwhat is the most common site of distant met of gastric cancerliver, peritoneal surfacesmost GI tumors that invade into the submucosa are what T stageT1most GI tumors that invade into the muscularis propria are what T stageT2most GI tumors that invade into the muscularis propria and into pericolonic tissues are what T stageT3most GI tumors that penetrate the surface of the visceral peritoneum are what T stageT4amost GI tumors that directly invade or are adherent to other organs or structures are what T stageT4bwhere are GISTs most commonstomachwhat is the most common location of a neuroendocrine tumorsmall intestinewhat are the 8 segments of the livera single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein would be what liver T stageT3bmultiple tumors more than 5 cm would be what liver T stageT3aa solitary liver tumor without vascular invasion would be what T stageT1a solitary liver tumor with vascular invasion or multiple tumors none more than 5 cm would be what T stageT2a liver tumor with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of the visceral peritoneum would be what T stageT4what is cantlies lineIt divides the liver into the right and left lobes using a plane from IVC to galbladder fossa.what is the site of distant met from gallbladder cancerperitoneum and livera gallbladder tumor that invades the lamina propria or muscular layer is what T stageT1a gallbladder tumor that invades perimuscular connective tissue is what T stageT2a gallbladde rtumor that perforates the serosa and or invades into another nearby organ is what T stageT3a gallbladder tumor that invades the main portal vein or hepatic artery or 2 or more extrahepatic organs is what T stageT4a pancreas tumor that is 2 cm and is limited to the pancreas is what T stageT1a pancreatic tumor that is more than 2 cm and is limited to the pancreas is what T stageT2a pancreatic tumor that extends beyond the pancreas is what T stageT3a pancreatic tumor that involves the celiac axis or the SMA is what T stageT4where is the uncinate process on the pancreaslateral to the SMV and medial to the duodenum, near the papilla located on the head