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bio exam 2

Terms in this set (39)

electronic microscope
a beam of electrons
When viewing a specimen through a light microscope, scientists use ________ to distinguish the individual components of cells.
A. a beam of electrons
B. radioactive isotopes
C. special stains
D. high temperatures
C. special stains
radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes)
Isotope of an atom that spontaneously emits one or more types of radioactivity (alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays).
Special strains
Connective Tissue Stains. The trichrome stain helps to highlight the supporting collagenous stroma in sections from a variety of organs.
The ________ is the basic unit of life.
organism
cell
tissue
organ
Cell
.
Prokaryotes depend on ________ to obtain some materials and to get rid of wastes.
ribosomes
flagella
cell division
diffusion
Diffusion
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
cell division
Process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells
Bacteria that lack fimbriae are less likely to ________.
adhere to cell surfaces
swim through bodily fluids
synthesize proteins
retain the ability to divide
adhere to cell surfaces
Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote?
amoeba
influenza A virus
charophyte algae
E. coli
E. coli
Which of the following is surrounded by two phospholipid bilayers?
the ribosomes
the vesicles
the cytoplasm
the nucleoplasm
the nucleoplasm
the nucleoplasm
Fluid inside the nucleus
the cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
the vesicles
small membrane sacs that specialize in moving products into, out of, and within a cell
Peroxisomes got their name because hydrogen peroxide is:

used in their detoxification reactions

produced during their oxidation reactions

incorporated into their membranes
produced during their oxidation reactions
In plant cells, the function of the lysosomes is carried out by __________.
vacuoles
peroxisomes
ribosomes
nuclei
vacuoles
vacuoles
Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
peroxisomes
Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals
nuclei
clusters of cell bodies in the CNS
Which of the following is both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
nucleus
mitochondrion
vacuole
ribosomes
ribosomes
Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder that results in the destruction of neurons due to a buildup of sphingolipids in the cells. Which organelle is malfunctioning in Tay-Sachs?
lysosome
endoplasmic reticulum
peroxisome
mitochondria
lysosome
lysosome
An organelle containing digestive enzymes
endoplasmic reticulum
A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system?
mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
lysosome
mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
The process by which a cell engulfs a foreign particle is known as:
endosymbiosis
phagocytosis
hydrolysis
membrane synthesis
phagocytosis
phagocytosis
the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans
endosymbiosis
A theorized process in which early eukaryotic cells were formed from simpler prokaryotes.
hydrolysis
Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
membrane synthesis
makes a membrane
Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest concentration of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
a cell that secretes enzymes
a cell that destroys pathogens
a cell that makes steroid hormones
a cell that engages in photosynthesis
a cell that makes steroid hormones
Which of the following sequences correctly lists in order the steps involved in the incorporation of a proteinaceous molecule within a cell?
protein synthesis of the protein on the ribosome; modification in the Golgi apparatus; packaging in the endoplasmic reticulum; tagging in the vesicle
synthesis of the protein on the lysosome; tagging in the Golgi; packaging in the vesicle; distribution in the endoplasmic reticulum

synthesis of the protein on the ribosome; modification in the endoplasmic reticulum; tagging in the Golgi; distribution via the vesicle
synthesis of the protein on the lysosome; packaging in the vesicle; distribution via the Golgi; tagging in the endoplasmic reticulum
synthesis of the protein on the ribosome; modification in the endoplasmic reticulum; tagging in the Golgi; distribution via the vesicle
Congenital disorders of glycosylation are a growing class of rare diseases. Which organelle would be most commonly involved in the glycoprotein disorder portion of the group?
RER
ribosomes
endosomes
Golgi apparatus
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following have the ability to disassemble and reform quickly?
microfilaments and intermediate filaments
microfilaments and microtubules
intermediate filaments and microtubules
only intermediate filaments
microfilaments and microtubules
Which of the following do not play a role in intracellular movement?
microfilaments and intermediate filaments
microfilaments and microtubules
intermediate filaments and microtubules
only intermediate filaments
only intermediate filaments
.
In humans, _____ are used to move a cell within its environment while _____ are used to move the environment relative to the cell.
cilia, pseudopodia
flagella; ciliaflagella; cilia
microtubules; flagella
microfilaments; microtubules
flagella; cilia
Which of the following are only in plant cells?
gap junctions
desmosomes
plasmodesmata
tight junctions
plasmodesmata
The key components of desmosomes are cadherins and __________.
actin
microfilaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules
intermediate filaments
Diseased animal cells may produce molecules that activate death cascades to kill the cells in a controlled manner. Why would neighboring healthy cells also die?
The death molecule is passed through desmosomes.
The death molecule is passed through plasmodesmata.
The death molecule disrupts the extracellular matrix.
The death molecule passes through gap junctions.
The death molecule passes through gap junctions.
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