Anatomy 2 Midterm

Perotineal cavity
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Terms in this set (27)
Perotineal cavity
layer of tissue that lines wall of abdominal cavity and covers all viscera
visceral peritoneum
covers organs
parietal periteoneum
covers wall - provides lubrication and protection
greater omentum
apron-like structure that lies superficial to the small intestine and transcerse colon; a site of fat deposition in people who are overweight
falciform ligament
anchors the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and inferior border of the diaphragm
lesser omentum
suspends the stomach from the inferior border of the liver; provides a pathway for structures connecting to the liver
mesentery
vertical band of tissue anterior to the lumbar vertebra and anchoring all of the small intesting expect the initial portion (duodenum)
mesocolon
attaches two portions of the large intestine (transverse and sigmoid colon) to the posterior abdominal wall
organs of digestion
salivary glands
esophagus
*stomach
*liver
*gallbladder
*pancreas
*small intestine
*large intestine
* = completely / partly in peritoneum
Small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Stomach made up of 3 parts1. cardia 2. fundus 3. bodyCardia (stomach)within 3 cm of the GE junction abundant mucus glandsFundus of the stomachsuperior to the GE junction in contact with the diaphragmBody of the stomachlargest region glands secrete most of the acid and enzymes3 layers of muscles of the stomachoriented in different directions to help turn contents and aid in digestion 1. longitudinal 2. circular 3. oblique: above mucosal surfaceRugaefolds that allow extensibility of stomach; gastric gases secretionpylorus*food stays here for ~2hrs* gastric outlet antrum and canal pyloric sphinctor: controls outflow from stomach, gives out small amounts at a timecongenital pyloric stenosischildren with thickened muscles can block with ulcersThings that erode mucus glands of the stomach1. drugs (aspirin) 2. alcoholGastric Mucosasecretes about 1500mL of fluid a day (1.5L) parietal cells gastric pH maintained between 1.5-2.0 chief cells littla absorption by mucosa alcohol can be absorbedparietal cellsproximal portion of each gastric gland secrete intrinsic factor - needed for vitamin B12 absorption secrete HClGastric pH maintained between 1.5-2.0-kills most microorganisms -denatures proteins and inactivates most enzymes in food -helps breakdown plant cell walls and CT in meatchief cellsabundant at the base of the gland secrete pepsinogen for protein digestionlittle absorption by the mucosa-epithelial cells covered by an alkaline blanket -gastic lining somewhat impermeable to wateralcohol can be absorbed in the stomachabsorbed before food consumed with it! absorption is SLOWED by fatty foodsDuodenum-25cm segment of the small intestine closest to the stomach -mixes chyme (food and gastric secretions_ from the stomach with secretions from the liver and pancreas -retroperiteneal except for the very proximal portionDuodenal glands protect the muscosa fromacidic chyme -stimulated by local reflexes, arrival of chyme and vagal stimulation inhibited by sympathetic stimulation (may explain some duodenal