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PCC Chapter 15

Terms in this set (40)

The technology of DNA typing had its beginnings in 1985 with the work of:
a. Henry Lee.
b. Francis Crick.
c. James Watson.
d. Alec Jeffreys.
d
DNA is a(n):
a. Protein.
b. Starch.
c. Polymer.
d. Enzyme.
c
The molecular structure of DNA was deduced by:
a. Gregor Mendel.
b. Francis Crick.
c. James Watson.
d. Both B and C
d
Which component of DNA forms the backbone of the molecule?
a. Phosphate group
b. Nitrogenous base
c. Sugar
d. Both a and c
d
n DNA replication, polymerases:
a. Enable the strands to unwind from the helix.
b. Help assemble the new DNA strands in proper base sequence.
c. Separate the strands of the double helix.
d. All of the above
b
The PCR technique requires the use of a thermal cycler to:
a. Synthesize protein.
b. Copy DNA.
c. Make probes radioactive.
d. Hydrolyze polymerase.
b
In the PCR process, the first step is to heat the DNA strands. This is to permit the:
a. DNA to coil very tightly in the helical shape.
b. Process to take place without DNA degradation.
c. Hybridization to take place.
d. Double-stranded molecules to separate completely.
d
Which is an advantage of working with short DNA fragments?
a. They are more stable and less likely to break apart.
b. Their quantity can be greatly amplified by PCR technology.
c. They are less subject to degradation due to adverse environmental conditions.
d. All of the above
d
STR analysis has replaced other DNA typing techniques because it:
a. Is less subject to sample degradation.
b. Requires a smaller sample size.
c. Can be implemented using the PCR.
d. All of the above
d
The separation of STRs using capillary electrophoresis:
a. Evolved from the flat-gel electrophoresis approach.
b. Decreases analysis time.
c. Is currently the preferred method.
d. All of the above
d
Which statement is NOT true? Few forensic labs do analysis of mtDNA because:
a. Little mtDNA is present in a cell.
b. The analysis procedure is very rigorous.
c. It costs much more than nuclear DNA profiling.
d. Such study takes a long time.
a
Means to detect the amelogenin gene are included in commercial STR kits used in crime labs because the gene allows determination of:
a. Ethnicity.
b. Blood type.
c. Gender.
d. Eye color.
c
The discriminating power of mtDNA is _____ the discriminating power of STR analysis.
a. Greater than
b. The same as
c. Less than
d. None of the above
c
CODIS is a national system of:
a. Computers to track the movement of sex offenders released from prison.
b. Shared databases of DNA typing information from convicted felons and crime scene evidence.
c. Vastly enhanced 911 emergency systems.
d. Crime laboratory directors.
b
HV1 and HV2 are:
a. Restriction enzymes.
b. STR types.
c. Types of viruses.
d. Regions of mtDNA
d
Y-STR markers are useful when multiple males are involved in a sexual assault. If three men are involved in such an attack the investigators would expect Y-STR analysis to show a maximum of:
c
The concept of simultaneously extracting, amplifying, and detecting a combination of STRs is known as:
c
Which statement is not correct for Y-STRs?
a. Female STRs will not yield a Y-STR profile.
b. Y-STRs can be amplified by PCR.
c. Y-STR types are typically shorter in length as compared to X-STRs.
d. A typical Y-STR pattern has one band.
c
Which of the following statements about mitochondrial DNA is incorrect?
a. Mitochondrial DNA is located outside the cell's nucleus.
b. Mitochondrial DNA is constructed in a loop configuration.
c. Many copies of mitochondrial DNA's hypervariable regions are made by PCR.
d. The number of repeat segments found in the hypervariable regions are used to type mitochondrialnDNA.
d
Examples of polymers that contain repeating units known as nucleotides are:
a. Hemoglobin.
b. Starch.
c. Cellulose.
d. DNA.
d
The production of amino acid is coded by a sequence of how many bases on the DNA molecule?
a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. Five
b
Portions of the DNA molecule useful for DNA typing:
a. Code for the production of proteins.
b. Are useful for recombinant DNA.
c. Are repeated many times.
d. Are useful for the production of insulin.
c
The specific proteins produced by a cell are directly related to the:
a. Sequence of nucleotides in the DNA of the cell.
b. Number of mitochondria in the cell.
c. Length of the chromosomes.
d. Sequence of sugars and phosphates in the cell.
a
Information from the Human Genome Project will:
a. Help to reveal the role and implications of evolution.
b. Be useful for diagnosing and treating genetic diseases.
c. Reveal the location of a gene on a particular chromosome.
d. All of the above
d
The individuality of an organism is determined by the organism's:
a. DNA nucleotide sequence.
b. Nitrogenous bases.
c. Amino acids.
d. Environment.
a
In which hereditary disease does abnormal hemoglobin differ from normal hemoglobin by only a single amino acid?
a. Phenylketonuria
b. Hemophilia
c. Sickle-cell anemia
d. Albinism
c
Which statement about tandem repeats is NOT true?
a. More than 30% of the human genome is composed of these repeating units.
b. Their origin is a mystery.
c. It is thought that they may act as spacers between the coded regions of DNA.
d. They are of no forensic interest.
d
Which statement regarding STRs is true?
a. Restriction enzymes are used to cut STRs from the DNA helix.
b. There is little variation in the number of repeats from person to person.
c. All humans have the same type of STRs.
d. Typically a core repeat sequence would consist of 15-30 bases.
c
Each cycle of the DNA Thermal Cycler takes approximately:
a. 30 seconds.
b. Four hours.
c. Two hours.
d. Two minutes.
d
STRs normally consist of repeating sequences of:
a. 13-17 bases.
b. 18-2 bases.
c. 3-7 bases.
d. 8-12 bases.
c
The amount of DNA material required for STR analysis is _____ the amount of DNA required for RFLP analysis.
a. The same as
b. Greater than
c. Less than
d. None of the above
c
As currently performed, DNA-profiling technology cannot provide information helpful in:
a. Matching a suspect to biological evidence found at a crime scene.
b. Deciding immigration cases based on family relationships.
c. Settling matters of questioned paternity/maternity.
d. Determining whether an individual carries a genetic defect.
d
DNA analysts are able to examine samples containing as few as _____ cells for an STR profile.
a
____ region(s) of mitochondrial DNA have been found to be highly variable in the human population for forensic determinations.
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
b
small amounts of blood are best submitted to a crime laboratory:
a. Immediately while still wet.
b. In a druggists fold.
c. After dried.
d. After removal from surface of deposition and rehydration.
c
How should blood-containing clothes from a victim be packaged?
a. In an airtight metal container
b. In an airtight clear plastic container
c. In a metal paint can
d. In breathable paper after blood has dried
d
Whole blood collected for DNA typing purposes must be placed in a vacuum containing the preservative:
a. Rh factor.
b. EDTA.
c. CODIS.
d. Ethylene glycol.
b
A typical STR DNA type emanating from a single individual shows a _____ band pattern.
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Zero
b
A conventional STR profile emanating from a mixture of DNA from male donors yields four peaks or bands for each locus present. How many peaks or bands would you normally expect for each locus if a Y-STR profile is performed on the same sample?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
b
Electrophoresis can be used in the crime lab to analyze:
a. DNA.
b. Proteins.
c. dried blood.
d. All of the above
d
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