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HCAD Midterm Multiple Choice

Terms in this set (55)

What percent of all jobs in the United States are in the health sector?
11%
What proportion of its economic resources does the United States devote to medical care and the promotion of health?
Nearly 20%
Which of the following help to pay for health care in the United States? Select all that apply.
Taxes, foregone wages, and out-of-pocket
Access to medical care in the United States depends on which of the following? Select all that apply.
Race, Geographic location and Income Level
Which of the following are appropriate goals of the public health system? Select all that apply.
Promoting healthy behaviors, Ensuring safe sanitation and water supplies, Protecting the environment, Preventing epidemics
Which of the following play a role in running the U.S. health care system? Select all that apply.
A. Policy makers
B. Policy advocates
C. Heads of technology companies (employers)
E. Executives of pharmaceutical businesses
The relatively new concept of population health is distinguished by which of the following?
Wider health care access
Focus on the lives of patients outside health care organizations
Key social factors that predict an individual's health include all the following except which?
Gender, availability of educational opportunities
Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of many U.S. patients' experience?
Ignorance of the price of a service until after delivery
Which stakeholder often plays the role of referee in the U.S. health care system?
Insurers
Which stakeholder in the U.S. health care system most likely views health insurance premiums as a cost of doing business?
Employers
Which organization defines health as a "state of complete physical, mental and social 'wellbeing' and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity?"
The World Health Organization
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 has increased the health system's focus on which of the following?
Prevention
You drive your friend to an urgent care center for treatment of a suspected sprained ankle. There she will receive which type of care?
Ambulatory care
What percent of U.S. health care costs is attributable to the treatment of patients who have multiple chronic conditions?
66%
The idea behind the Triple Aim is for health care organizations to simultaneously pursue three goals. Which of the following are they? Select all that apply.
Reduce the per-capita cost of health care
Improve the health of populations
Improve the patient experience of care
The ACA created health care facilities to give states an option for providing patient-centered, medical home-type services to Medicaid beneficiaries with severe or multiple chronic conditions. These facilities are called
Health homes
The health care sector accounts for what percent of U.S. GDP?
20%
Medicare and Medicaid together account for what percent of the federal budget?
25%
Geography is a major determinant of health outcomes in the United States because it is a proxy for which of the following?
Wealth and poverty
Which of the following are among policies intended to fight the epidemic of obesity in the United States? Select all that apply.
Taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages and junk foods Calorie labels on restaurant menus Government encouragement to reformulate popular snack foods with less sugar, salt, or fat
What percent of U.S. health care delivery is provided through government-run entities such as the Veterans Health Administration?
25%
A controversial provision of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was the individual mandate. What did this mandate require?
That most people have insurance
Which is a reason some states have not expanded Medicaid to cover more of their needy residents following passage of the ACA?
Political Resistance
When compared with other nations in terms of health care, the U.S. may be characterized as having which of the following?
High expenses with large inequities in access to primary and specialty care
Most countries with national health insurance systems finance these systems with which of the following?
Payroll taxes
The U.S.'s health system can best be described by which of the following?
A patchwork of public and private insurance system
In the United Kingdom, most general practitioners and dentists receive payment in which of the following ways?
Combination of capitation payment and fee-for-service
By the end of 2013, about half of physician payments to health care providers in China came from which of the following?
Fee-for-service
Which country is currently concerned that it may have an oversupply of doctors and nurses?
United Kingdom
Among health care programs in the U.S., which is the best example of socialized medicine?
Veterans hospital administration
Medicaid and CHIP eligibility criteria are based primarily on which of the following?
Income
Which of the following countries rely to varying degrees on subnational and local governments to finance health care? Select all that apply.
US
China
Which of the following are characteristics of the U.S. health care system that distinguish it from other countries? Select all that apply.
The U.S. does not aggressively negotiate prices with providers
The system does not operate within a budget
Alexander Fleming is credited with discovering ______.
Penicillin
Which of the following is NOT needed for an investigational new drug application
a. Animal pharmacology and toxicology
drug discovery and development consists of both a preclinical and a clinical phase.
True
Population health considers influences on health that occur
Outside the health care system
What is the goal of the population health model?
To explain the causes of systemic health differences between different groups
Population health scientists consider income, education, employment, social support, and culture to be determinants of health in which of the following domains?
The social and economic environment
The possibility that being unhealthy can reduce or limit an individual's income is an example of which construct?
Reverse causality
Unlike the population health model, the medical model does which of the following?
Focuses on how different biological systems within the individual interact
Population health scientists consider the physical environment to include which of the following? Select all that apply.
Urban design and housing
Availability of healthy foods
Safe food and water
Two of the most predictive factors of life expectancy are income and which of the following?
Level of education
Interconnected social categorizations such as race, gender, and class result in overlapping systems of discrimination and disadvantage. This result is called
Intersectionality
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which of the following is the leading cause of preventable deaths in the United States?
Smoking
What portion of the funds the United States spends on health care each year is attributable to preventable diseases?
2/3
Which element of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) enabled public health departments to direct more of their resources to prevention?
C. The Prevention and Public Health Fund
Which of the following is the goal of public health?
To reduce the spiraling cost of health care
Your local public health department is running a public service campaign about the importance of controlling blood pressure. This campaign is a form of which type of intervention?
Secondary prevention
Health today is most strongly determined by which of the following? Select all that apply.
Behavioral forces
Community factors
Environmental forces
Societal forces
Which of the following are among the great U.S. public health achievements of the twentieth century? Select all that apply.
Motor vehicle safety
Control of infectious diseases
Healthier mothers and babies
Recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard
Which of the following are true of the nation's 565 federally recognized American Indian tribes? Select all that apply.
Each tribe has a distinct language, culture, and governance structure.
Each tribe has a government-to-government relationship with the federal government.
Tribes gave their land and natural resources to the federal government in exchange for education, health care, and other services.
Each tribal government is a sovereign nation whose law supersedes all but federal laws.
Which of the following is a minimum federal public health standard below which states are not permitted to go?
Floor preemption
One challenge for public health departments is that the general population believes public health provides only
C. Programs for the poor
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