Chapter 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissue

Match the description to the correct answer: Approximately equal in length and width.
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Terms in this set (92)
Match the description to the correct answer: Approximately equal in length and width.
short bone
The bones in the long axis of the body make up the
axial skeleton
Which of the following is true with respect to hyaline cartilage?
most abundant skeletal cartilage
The bones of the skeleton store energy reserves as fat in
yellow marrow
Which of the following is classified as a short bone?
wrist bone
Match the description to the correct answer: Has a length greater than width.
long bone
Match the type of cartilage to its correct description: Fibrocartilage.
Able to withstand heavy loads and absorb shock
Correctly match the bone type with its example: Flat bone.
sternum (breastbone)
Match the following: Respiratory cartilages.
Form the skeleton of the larynx and reinforce other respiratory passages
Match the type of cartilage to its correct description: Elastic cartilage.
located in the external ear and epiglottis
Cartilage can grow in which of the following ways?appositional growth and interstitial growthWhich of the following is not composed of hyaline cartilage?intervertebral discsMatch the description to the correct answer: Bone with a complex shape.irregular boneWhich function of bone tissue occurs in the red bone marrow?hematopoiesisBones serve as an important reservoir forCalciumMatch the following: Costal cartilages.connect the ribs to the sternumMatch the following function of bone to its description: Anchorage.As a result, we can walk, grasp objects, and breatheThe padlike menisci of the knee joints containfibrocartilageCartilage tissue features __________ within small cavities called lacunae.chondrocytesCorrectly match the bone type with its example: Sesamoid bone.patella (knee)Match the description to the correct answer: Sesame seed-shaped bone formed in a tendon.sesamoid boneMatch the following: Articular cartilages.cover the ends of most bones at moveable jointsWhich of the following bones belong to the axial skeleton?ribsCorrectly match the bone type with its example: Short bone.carpal (wrist)Correctly match the bone type with its example: Irregular bone.vertebra, spinal columnMatch the following: Nasal cartilage.supports external noseCorrectly match the definition and term: Fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of long bone.periosteumCorrectly match the definition and term: Hollow space in the shaft of a long bone.medullary cavityCorrectly match the opening or depression in bone with its correct name: Foramen.Round or oval opening through a boneBone-forming cells originate from __________.osteoprogenitor cellsCorrectly match the definition and term: Expanded portion of the long bone at its ends.epiphysisWhen problems with blood forming tissue are suspected, clinicians obtain tissue samples from the _____________ because the red bone marrow in this location is highly active in hematopoiesis.hip boneMatch the description to the correct answer regarding bone tissue: Major organic fiber of bone.collagenAll of the following belong to spongy bone, except __________.osteonsCorrectly match the term and description: Bone-building cell.osteoblastCorrectly match the description of the bony projection with its name: Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck.headA narrow, slitlike opening in a bone is referred to as a __________.fissureCorrectly match the description of the projection with its name: Large, rough, rounded projections.tuberosityCorrectly match the description of the projection with its name: Tubercle.Small rounded projection or processHydroxyapatites in bone matrix that give bone its hardness are primarily composed of __________.calcium phosphatesCorrectly match the description of the projection with its name: Trochanter.Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped processCollagen fibers do not __________.provide for bone hardnessCorrectly match the opening or depression in bone with its correct name: Groove.furrowCorrectly match the opening or depression in bone with its correct name: Sinus.cavity within a boneCorrectly match the opening or depression in bone with its correct name: Fossa.Shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surfaceCorrectly match the term and description: Bone stem cell.osteoprogenitor cellCorrectly match the definition and term: Location of red bone marrow in an adult.spongy boneCorrectly match the opening or depression in bone with its correct name: Meatus.canal-like passagewayCorrectly match the term and description: Mature bone cell.osteocyteYellow marrow is useful as __________.a tissue that may revert back to red marrow if a person needs more red blood cellsWhich of the following are tiny canals that connect the central canal of an osteon to the osteocytes?canaliculiThe lacunae of bone contain __________.osteocytesCorrectly match the description of the projection with its name: Crest.narrow ridge of boneCorrectly match the description of the projection with its name: Spine.sharp, slender, often pointed projectionThe cells that maintain mature compact bone marix are __________.osteocytesOsteocytes maintain contact allowing them to communicate and permitting nutrients and wastes to be relayed from one osteocyte to the next through __________.canaliculiMatch the description to the correct stage of intramembranous ossification: Immature spongy bone and periosteum form.Stage 3Correctly match the definition and term: Replacement of hyaline cartilage with bony tissue to form a bone.endochondral ossificationMatch the description to the correct stage of intramembranous ossification: Compact bone replaces immature spongy bone, just deep to the periosteum, and red marrow develops.Stage 4In adolescence, the "growth spurt" that is observed is mainly attributed to an increase in __________.Sex hormonesMatch the description to the correct zone in longitudinal growth of a long bone: Cartilage cells undergo mitosis.proliferation zoneMatch the description to the correct zone in longitudinal growth of a long bone: Older cartilage cells enlarge.hypertrophic zoneCorrectly match the definition and term: A hormone that modulates the activity of growth hormone, ensuring proper bone formation.thyroid hormoneCorrectly match the term and description: Epiphyseal plate.Site of length increase in long bonesMatch the description to the correct zone in longitudinal growth of a long bone: Dead cartilage cells appear; matrix begins deteriorating.calcification zoneCorrectly match the term and description: Diaphysis.primary ossification centerDuring infancy and childhood, the single most important stimulus of epiphyseal plate activity is __________ from the anterior pituitary gland.growth hormoneSelect the true statement regarding appositional growth of a long bone.The long bone increases in thickness, or diameter.Select the statement that best describes most long bones at the time of birth.A bony diaphysis with a widening medullary cavity, and two cartilaginous epiphysesBefore eight weeks, the skeleton of the human embryo is composed of __________.fibrous membranes and hyaline cartilageIntramembranous ossification is mostly responsible for forming which type of bone?flat boneA bone disorder that affects adults and has symptoms that are similar to rickets is called __________.osteomalaciaA patient is brought to the emergency room with a broken bone. According to the x-ray, the bone is fragmented into three pieces. This would be considered a __________.comminuted fractureMary is 50 years old. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals that portions of her skeleton show signs of osteoporosis. After reviewing the test results, her physician suggests that she take all of the following courses of action except?Start taking synthetic parathyroid hormoneSelect the hormone that lowers blood calcium levels when administered at high pharmacological doses.calcitoninWhen Ca2+ concentration in the blood becomes lower than normal, __________.parathyroid hormone is releasedWhich of the following statements is true?Hypocalcemia leads to hyperexcitabilityWhich of the following is true?Despite the environmental factors that influence bone density, genetics still plays the major role in determining bone density.Osteoporosis occurs most often inpostmenopausal womenOsteoblasts release which of the following?Matrix vesicles studded with the enzyme alkaline phosphataseMatch the description to the correct stage of bone repair: Activity of fibroblasts and osteoblasts creates an overgrown splint around the fracture site.fibrocartilage callusDuring a football game, a player fractures his leg bone when his foot plants into the turf, but several opposing players continue to push him forward. The doctor explains that the diagonal break across the bone was due to intense twisting forces. Select the type of fracture involved in this example.spiralWhich of the following bone disorders is not treatable with increased calcium and vitamin D?Paget's diseaseSelect the correct sequence of fracture repair steps.Hematoma forms, fibrocartilaginous callus forms, bony callus forms, bone remodeling occursWhich bone disorder is characterized by excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption?Paget's diseaseRickets can be caused by a deficiency ofVitamin DIn a car accident, the injuries to the driver include a fractured femur. Part of the broken end of the diaphysis of the femur is visibly penetrating through the skin in the thigh area. Which of the following properly classifies this fracture?Displaced, complete, open (compound)Which of the following is true regarding bone remodeling?Every year 5 to 10 percent of the skeleton is replaced.Bone is broken down by __________.osteoclastsIf a breastfeeding mother becomes vitamin D deficient, what disease is most likely to develop in the nursing infant?RicketsThe hormonal control of bone remodeling primarily involves which of the following?parathyroid hormoneDetermine the scenario that reduces the mass of a long bone.Osteoclast activity is greater than osteoblast activity.