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Intro Brain and Behavior Exam 2

Terms in this set (40)

Which of the following is true of metabotropic receptors?
-Has G Protein attached to intracellular side
- Alters the innerworkings of postsynaptic cells
-can activate second messengers
The main inhibitory neurotransmitter is
GABA
Glutamate acts on which type of receptors?
Both ionotropic and metabotropic
Main source of cholingergic neurons are found in nuclei in which region of the brain
Basal Forebrain
which neurotransmitter has a role in both cortical activation and learning and memory
Acetylcholine
Dopamine is involved in
reward/reinforcement
some serotonin originates from neurons in what region of the brainstem
raphe nuclei
monoamines include
catecholamines and serotonin
gases can be used as neurotransmitters. What makes them different from than regular neurotransmitters
can function as retrograde transmitters
A drug that has less effect than the endogenous ligand is known as what
partial agonist
Which drug relieves symptoms
opiates
a drug or toxin that resembles the endogenous ligand and that can bind to the receptor and activate it is called an
receptor agonist
if a newly developed drug is found to bind to dopamine receptors but does not activate them, the drug is classified as an
antagonist
higher doses of a drug tend to increase the proportion of receptors that are bound and affected by the drug thereby increasing the response. the relationship is called the
dose-response curve
people who have used a particular dose of a drug several times may develop a similar response to the same dosage of other drugs in the same class. this is an example of
cross tolerance
first generation antipsychotics are antagonists for __ receptors
dopamine
Xanax, an anxiolytic, binds to __ receptors to reduce the excitability of neurons.
GABA
Nicotine can act on neurons in the VTA leading to the release of dopamine in the __ causing a reinforcing effect
nuccleus accumbens
Which of the following drugs blocks the reuptake of monoamine transmitters, particularly dopamine and norepinephrine
cocaine
factors for drug addiction include which of the following
-poor emotional regulation
-sex
-living situtation
Patient HM had part of his temporal lobe and hippoc. removed. This led to what type of memories being affected
declarative memory
which region of the brain is necessary for working memory
prefrontal cortex
Episodic memories are for __ and is part of __ memory
remembering events, declarative
conditioned reflexes such as classical conditioning are a form of long term memory that requires which region of the brain
cerebellum
Short term memory has unlimited capacity while long term memory has small capacity
false
A synapse that increases in effectiveness because of simultaneous activity in pre- and postsynaptic neurons is known as what
hebbian synapse
Synaptic changes in response to LTP can only be presynaptic changes
false
Both AMPA and NMDA receptors are ionotropic but NMDA receptors are blocked by which ion
Magnesium
Nitric oxide can act as a retrograde transmitter to cause which of these presynptic change
-increase axon terminal
-increase amount of neurotransmitters released
-decrease the threshold for producing action potentials
In alzheimers disease, abnormal forms of tau leads to which of the following
tangles and neuron loss
the process of converting environmental stimuli into action potentials that our brains can understand is known as what
sensory transduction
which of the following skin receptor cells detect pain, itch, and temp stimuli
free nerve endings
which of the following is known as the progressive decrease in a receptors response to sustained stimulation
sensory adaption
somatosensory information travelling up the spinal chord crosses the midline in which location
medulla
which of the following are the receptors that respond to stimuli that produce tissue damage or pose a threat of damage
nociceptors
which system does pain info travel up to the brain thru
Anterolateral system
which of the following is true regarding synergist muscles
they act together
motor neurons send APs along axons to terminate at neuromuscular junctions found on muscle fibers where they release which NT to cause muscle contraction
ACh
which of the following monitors the force of muscle contractions to detect overloads that threaten to tear muscles and tendons
golgi tendon organs
lesions anywhere in the pyramidal tract can lead to paralysis in the muscle controlled by the damaged neurons
true
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