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Veterinary Radiology: Final exam

Terms in this set (47)

What are abdominal radiographs used for?
To evaluate soft tissues of multiple organ systems. Organs of the gastrointestinal system and urogenital system are the primary tissues that can be visualized with abdominal radiographs.
What are calipers used for?
to measure the patient once it is in the correct position for the exposure
If the difference between the two areas is smaller...
the patient is positioned with the thickest part toward the cathode end of the x-ray tube to take advantage of the heel effect.
Abdominal x-rays are exposed during the what
respiratory pause
Proper positioning for the VD view will be evidenced by..
symmetry of the wings of the ilium and ribs as well as central alignment of the spinous processes within the vertebrae on the finished radiographs
What may be needed to enhance visualization of abdominal structures?
Fasting
Positioning for lateral projection of the abdomen:
right lateral recumbency, extend forelimbs cranially and hindlimbs caudally, place foam pads under sternum and between limbs to avoid rotation of abdomen
Measurement for lateral projection of abdomen:
thickest area (usually at the last rib) or over the specific structure of interest
Centering for lateral projection of the abdomen:
slightly caudal to the last rib
Cranial border collimation for lateral projection of the abdomen:
halfway between the caudal border of the scapula and the xiphoid (includes diaphragm and apex of the heart)
Caudal border collimation for lateral projection of the abdomen:
coxofemoral joints
Dorsal border collimation for lateral projection of the abdomen:
spinous processes of vertebral column
Ventral border collimation for lateral projection of the abdomen:
sternum
Labeling for lateral projection of abdomen:
right marker within collimated area in inguinal region, identification markers near caudal border within collimated area
When positioning for a right-sided orbital fracture, which side of the face should be against the tabletop?
right side
what type of support needs to be provided for a lateral oblique tympanic bullae projection?
none, the head will naturally assume a 30A angle
For a lateral coccygeal spine projection, where is the measurement taken?
thickest portion of tail
What are the borders for collimating for a lateral thoracic spine projection?
Midpoint of xiphoid and last rib to spine of the scapula
How is the patient positioned on the table for a craniocaudal projection of the elbow?
ventral recumbency, forelimbs extended cranially, head deflected lateral away from affected limb
when positioning for flexed mediolateral projection of the elbow in which direction is the elbow flexed?
dorsally
For a mediolateral projection of the shoulder, how much of the unaffected limb should be included in the image?
the affected limb is not included
For a dorsomedial/palmarolateral oblique projection of the carpus, how much is the limb rotated?
15 degrees
For caudocranial projection of the shoulder, what position should the patient be in on the table?
patient in dorsal recumbency in V-trough, extend forelimbs cranially, reflect head laterally towards unaffected limb
Which bones make up the thoracic girdle?
paired scapulae and clavicles
For a caudocranial projection of the humerus, how can you ensure the limbs remain parallel?
tape legs together to keep limbs aligned and parallel to the cassette
Distal collimation for a radius/ulna projection is at what area?
distal to the carpus
When collimating for a rostrocaudal view of the foramen magnum, what are the borders from left to right on the patient?
Occipital crest to tympanic bullae
Zygomatic arches fully within collimated area
For images of the tarsal joint, where is the beam centered?
directly over the affected joint
Where is the thickest part of the pelvis usually located?
usually the level of the trochanter
When doing a mediolateral projection of the stifle, what can be done to keep the tibia parallel to the tabletop?
foam pad under tarsus to maintain tibia parallel to table
If the dog being submitted for OFA hip film evaluation is an AKC registered dog, where is this information recorded?
On the film envelope
Where is a VD abdominal film centered?
Caudal aspect of the last rib
The cranial border for thoracic films is what landmark?
thoracic inlet
When would a DV view be preferred over a VD view for thoracic films?
for cardiac films
Where is the cranial collimation for a VD abdominal film?
halfway between the caudal border of the scapula and the xiphoid (includes diaphragm and apex of heart)
Which landmarks are used to confirm proper positioning on a lateral thoracic radiograph?
Superimposition of the costochondral junctions of the ribs
For an abdominal film, where should your caudal collimation end?
At the coxofemoral joints.
Where is a lateral thoracic film centered over?
Caudal border of the scapula
Positioning for avian lateral whole body view?
right lateral recumbency, next extended, foam wedge to maintain alignment of body, wings extended dorsally, legs extended caudally
Measurement for avian lateral whole body view?
mid-sternum at thickest portion of chest
Centering for avian whole body view?
mid-sternum at thickest portion of chest
Collimation of avian lateral whole body view?
Entire body should be visible within collimated area
Labeling for avian lateral whole body view?
in cranial area
Positioning for avian ventrodorsal whole body view?
dorsal recumbency, neck extended and aligned with body, foam wedges to maintain alignment of sternum and spinal column, wings extended laterally, legs extended caudally
Measurement for avian ventrodorsal whole body view?
Mid-sternum at thickest portion of chest
Centering for avian ventrodorsal whole body view?
mid-sternum at thickest portion of chest
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