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Chapter 32 Part 1

Terms in this set (50)

What is congenital hear disease? (CHD)
cardiovascular disorder of an abnormality or anomaly of the heart that is present at birth. Consequences include heart failure, predisposition to infection, hypoxia, and alterations in growth.
What is acquired heart disease?
abnormalities occurring after birth. that compromise the hearts function. W
What are some environmental risk factors that can contribute to CHD?
1) intrauterine rubella exposure
2) maternal alcoholism
3) diabetes mellitus
4) advanced maternal age
5) drug ingestion (lithium, thalidomide, phenytoin (Dilantin)
6) chromosomal disorders like trisomy D or downs syndrome
During fetal development, what is the source of oxygen?
placenta is the source of oxygen and nutrients.
How is oxygenated blood delivered to the fetus?
umbilical vein and enters the fetal heart via the inferior vena cava.
What in the fetus poses a strong resistance to the right side of the heart?
lungs are collapsed and full of fluid so resistance is to the right atrium and ventricle. Bc of this pressure in the right side is increased. blood entering the heart from the inferior vena cava is directed across the right atrium through the foramen ovale to the left atrium
What are the 4 categories of CHD?
1) increased pulmonary blood flow
2) decreased pulmonary blood flow
3) obstruction to systemic blood flow
4) mixed blood flow
What are the s/s that children with cardiac dysfunction will exhibit?
1) cyanosis
2) pallor
3) cardiomegaly
4) pericardial rubs
5) murmurs
6) additional heart sounds (s3 and s4)
7) discrepancies of apical and radial
8) tachypnea, dyspnea, grunting
9) digital clubbing
10) hepatomegaly, splenomegaly
11) differing upper and lower extremity pulses
12) low BP
13) crackles and wheezes
What are the most frequent diagnostic test for CHD?
1) urine culture
2) ABG
3) EEG, ECG
4) fluoroscopy
5) angiography
6) cardiac catherization
7) cardiac MRI
What is the most common type of CHD?
defects involving increased pulmonary blood flow
Describe defects involving increased pulmonary blood flow.
communication of some type bt right and left sides of the heart. bc of increased pressure on left some blood is pushed back to the right then this blood is moved to the lungs. how severe symptoms are based on size of defect and the amount of increase in blood volume
What are the most common defects involving increased pulmonary blood flow?
1) patent ductus arterisosus
2) atrial septal defect
3) ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Describe patent ductus arteriosus.
1) is artery that connects pulmonary artery to the aorta
2) failure to close allows oxygenated blood to shunt from high pressure aorta to low pressure pulmonary artery
What are the s/s of patent ductus arteriosus?
often asymptomatic but sometimes will exhibit s/s of HF
1) poor eating
2) poor growth patterns
3) fatigue
4) murmur audible at upper left sternal border; widened pulse pressure and bounding pulses
What is the medical management patent ductus arteriosus?
1) Administer indomethacin which is a prostaglandin inhibitor which is effective in closing the duct in full-term and permi newborns.

2) surgical correction of ligating ductus arteriosis through thoracotomy incision

3) New technique is three small incisions made on left side of chest, then thoracoscope used to place a clip on ductus artirosus
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