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Unit 2 Bio exam

Terms in this set (15)

Cell size is limited because
They are relatively small due to a reliance on diffusion of substances in and out of cells. Cell's size is small with large surface area that helps the cell exchange material with it's environment.
Rate of diffusion is affected by
Surface area available
Temperature
Concentration gradient
Distance
light microscope
Use magnifying lenses with visible light
Resolve structures that are 200 nm apart
Limit to resolution using light
Electron microscopes
use beams of electrons, rather than light, to produce images
Where is DNA located in the cell?
nucleoid or nucleus where DNA is
located
Cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
(semifluid matrix of organelles and cytosol)
Ribosomes
Makes proteins
Plasma membrane
phospholipid bilayer
Prokaryotic cells
Simplest organisms
Lack a membrane-bound nucleus
•
DNA is present in the nucleoid.
Cell wall outside of plasma membrane
Do contain ribosomes (not membrane-
bound organelles)
Two domains of prokaryotes
•
Archaea.
•
Bacteria.
Bacterial cell wall
Most bacterial cells are encased by a
strong cell wall
•Composed of peptidoglycan.
•Cell walls of plants, fungi, and most
protists different.
Protect the cell, maintain its shape, and
prevent excessive uptake or loss of water.
Flagella
A long, whip-like filament that helps in cell motility. Many bacteria are flagellated, and sperm are flagellated.
Eukariotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
Possess a membrane-bound nucleus
More complex than prokaryotic cells
Hallmark is compartmentalization•
Achieved through membrane-bound
organelles and endomembrane system.
Possess a cytoskeleton for support and to mantain cellular structure.
Animal vs. Plant cells
Both have a plasma membrane
ontain most of the same organelles.
Plant cells have extra components usually
not present in other eukaryotic cells
•A cell wall outside of the plasma
membrane.
•Chloroplasts and specialized vacuoles internally.
What are the cells functions
-Obtain nutrients
-exchange material with environment
-Reproduce
-detect and respond to signals
Cytoskeleton
Is the cell skeleton but it also functions as muscular system
-able to ch
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