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Urban Exam 1

Terms in this set (131)

_____________ is the Greek philosopher is known for the founding of Geography.

____________ is the Prussian "father of Geography" who wrote Cosmos: A Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe.

Alexander von Humboldt

What is a GIS?
a. Digital mapping software.
b. Geographic Information Systems
c. A conceptualized framework that provides the ability to capture and analyze spatial and geographic data.
d. all of the above

All of the above

Match each tradition with an example of it in practice:
Spatial/Location

Analysis of housing prices in Oakland, California

Match each tradition with an example of it in practice:
Area or Regional Studies

Ethnography of Mail Carriers in the Netherlands

Match each tradition with an example of it in practice:
Human/Environmental Interaction

Assessing the impact of sea level rise on coastal bridges

Match each tradition with an example of it in practice:
Earth Science

Mapping glacial extents

What is the primary framework geographers use to analyze processes, systems, behaviors, and patterns?
a. spatial
b. temporal
c. physical
d. environmental

True or false, traditionally, many cities had walls. People living within those walls had the protections, rights, and freedoms of city dwellers.

Which of the following cities are megacities based on their 2018 population (select multiple)?

a. Dhaka, Bangladesh (19,578,000)
b. Madrid, Spain (6,497,000)
c. Chicago, Illinois (8,864,000)
d. Istanbul, Turkey (14,751,000)

Dhaka, Bangladesh (19,578,000),
Istanbul, Turkey (14,751,000)

Which of the following are basic characteristics of cities (select multiple)

a. Cities are physical artifacts on the land
b. Cities are made up of people
c. Cities are diverse
d. Cities often have a distinct function

all of the above

Which of the following statements are true about the way in which the US population is distributed:

a. Population density is highest on the East Coast
b. Huge areas of land in the West are sparsely populated
c. Population is concentrated in the geographic center of the country
d. More people live in rural areas than urban areas

Population density is highest on the East Coast, Huge areas of land in the West

The size, shape and contents of an individual city _______________ over time because the city as artifact reflects the historical context in which it developed and continues to be developed.

a. change
b. remain the same
c. increase
d. decrease

Rank in order of population density, with most dense in the first position.

a. Hong Kong
b. New York City
c. London

1.Hong Kong
2. New York City
3. London

The East/West cultural framing has been further clouded by what?

a. Globalization
b. War
c. Capitalism
d. Secularism

A ____________ is a city more than twice as large as the next in an urban system and a cultural, political, and economic center.

________ refers to the number of people per unit area of land.

Population density

food production in a quantity above that required for the subsistence of the producer

sacred precinct including a shrine or temple

spatial spread from a center of origin

Roman multi-family, multi-story tenement

ancient city in Mesopotamia

Greek city-state

Sacred hilltop district in Athens

Greek market district and civic area

Public center of both Rome and Roman towns containing governmental buildings and temples

Roman single family home with a courtyard

Four of the hearths of urbanization as outlined in class/the reading are:

1. Iraq
2. Egypt
3. Indus Valley in Pakistan,
4. North China Plain

Put Childe's Agricultural Revolution Sequence Theory in order from earliest to latest

a. Domestication of plants & animals via permanent human settlements.
b. Creation of a surplus through improved production techniques.
c. Surplus used for trade or to pay non-agricultural roles like artisans, priests, or soldiers.
d. Those with non-agricultural roles lived close together for the convenience of farmers, and to conduct business by building cities.
e. This led to the development of organized society, by which we mean forms of government with taxes, records, and laws, and forms of religion that also became codified, creating the link between cities and civilization

True or false, The terrain or landscape of Greece is very similar to Mesopotamia

True or false, Athens is the only Greek city founded around an acropolis.

Who is often considered to be the "father of city planning" for his construction of Miletus?

a. Hippodamus
b. Aristotle
c. Homer
d. Pythagoras

The primary daily activity of the Acropolis area of Athens was:

a. Sacred and limited to a few people.
b. Sacred and open to all.
c. Commercial and open to all.
d. Commercial but limited to specific merchants.

Sacred and limited to a few people.

The place where politics was debated in Athens was called:

a. The Pnyx
b. The Citadel
c. The Agora
d. The Parthenon

Miletus with its rectilinear grid is:

a. A planned city
b. An organic city
c. A hinterland
d. Has no city walls.

1. The division of public, sacred, and private land that occurred in Miletus is the earliest example of the practice we now know as:

a. Zoning
b. Segregation
c. Sprawl
d. Evolution

True or false, The Golden Age of Athens began in the 5th Century BC and lasted less than a century.

At its height, the Roman Empire would have covered all or most of which of the following countries: (select multiple)

a. (I) Spain
b. (II) Portugal
c. (III) France
d. (IV) Greece

all of the above

1. Which emperor established a fortress wall across the Northern part of the Roman Empire?

a. Caesa
b. Hadrian
c. Traja
d. Ner

1. What are some of the common features of a Roman Castrum: (select multiple)

a. (I) Grid oriented North-South and East-West
b. (II) A forum located at the intersection of the two main axes running North-South and East-West
c. (III) Surrounded by a wall

all of the above

True or false, food security in Rome depended on being able to obtain shipments of wheat from Egypt which could provide harvests off-season.

At its height, the population of Rome is estimated to be:

a. 50,000
b. 100,000
c. 500,000
d. 1 Million

The main activities of the Forum were:

a. Religious worship
b. Civic and governmental activities
c. Entertainment
d. Housing

Civic and governmental

Which of the following reasons are given to explain why Rome built new towns and cities in many areas: (select multiple)

a. (I) Military control
b. II) Political administration
c. (III) Acculturation

all of the above

As of the year 1000 AD, which cities had a population less than 15,000?

a. Paris
b. Bruges
c. London
d. Venice

All of the above

True or false, in the Feudal System, people could move easily between social classes

The commodity most linked to the prosperity of Bruges was:

a. wool from England
b. silk from Italy
c. fur from Finland
d. lumber from Sweden

wool from England

True or false, Venice was one of the places that invented or reinvented much of the economic system that would lead the West to a position of global leadership.

What is Feudalism? (select multiple)

a. (I) A political system based on reciprocal relations between lords who owned the land and vasaal who worked as knights.
b. (II) An economic system whereby peasants worked on the land in exchange for protection from bandits.

all of the above

1. Which inventions are associated with the Second Agricultural Revolution? (select multiple)

a. Three-field system
b. Improved Plough
c. Yolk
d. Horseshoe

all of the above

True or false, Constantinople's libraries and universities housed the classical knowledge that would ignite the Renaissance.

True or false, While much of Europe was experiencing the Dark Ages, innovations were being made outside of Europe. Some of these innovations included the invention of fireworks in China, and the writing of the canons of medicine that would form the basis of texts in modern medicine.

Which places retained characteristics of the Western Tradition during the urban decline of the Middle Ages? (select multiple)

a. Constantinople
b. Trier
c. London
d. Bruges

Constantinople, Trier

Map-matching
-black
-purple
-red
-blue

A: Venetian & Genoese
B: Genoese
C: Hansa
D. Venetian

Black=Hansa
Purple=Venetian & Genoese
Red=Genoese
Blue=Venetian

Piazza San Marco

the major open square in Venice and site of the main church

a bridge and district in Venice where business trans-actions took place

a quarter of a city in which members of a minority group live because of legal, economic, or social constraints

a German term for a fortified place built during the Middle Ages

a settlement that grew outside the walls of the bourg, usually containing merchants , tradesmen, or artisans; sometimes also called a portus

a building in the market square of Bruges where trading took place

a construction technique where wood is used to make a box

a planted or planned town built during the urban revival; most common in southern France

fortified trading posts established by Swedes on a route linking the Baltic and Black Seas

a Welsh castle town

The _______ were a group of Danes who offered to stop raiding the rest of France in exchange for a grant of land to be their new permanent home.

True or false, the areas of Europe most involved in the revival of urbanism were those most heavily involved in trade.

Aside from trade what other factors sparked urban revival?(select multiple)

a. (I) The rise of Christianity, especially the Crusades
b. (II) Political transformation and the emergence of the modern nation state
c. (III) The 2nd Agricultural Revolution

all of the above

True or false, The Palace of the Doge in Venice housed the legislative and executive branches of the government.

The Knights Templar had which of the following privileges: (select multiple)

(I) Presided over a charity that was exempt from taxes
(II) Could pass freely through international borders
(III) Exempt from all legal authority (except for the Pope)

all of the above

True or false, European exploration during the Age of Mercantilism and Empire had a profound effect on places outside of Europe (notably the Americas) because in some places, settlements developed that eventually grew into cities.

True or false, In economic colonialism, raw materials are typically extracted from a country and processed to "add value" to them in the mother country.

True or false, most of South America gained independence between 1810-1830.

True or false, The Knights Templar amassed an abundance of gold and power, accepted large donations and monetary deposits, opened banks in many countries, and essentially became the first multinational corporation.

In which country was the cradle of gothic architecture?

a. Germany
b. Italy
c. France
d. England

Searching is which phase of the Vance Model?

1
2
3
4
5

Development of trade networks is which phase of the Vance Model?

1
2
3
4
5

In the African slave trade that took place between 1500 and 1870, people were resettled to which of the following geographic areas: (select multiple)

(I) Brazil (both North and South)
(II) Caribbean
(III) South East coast of America

all of the above

True or false, the building of great cathedrals reflects the high degree of religious fervor of the Middle Ages.

True or false, European exploration during the Age of Mercantilism and Empire had a profound effect on places within Europe because the wealth generated allowed for the creation of grand "world cities".

True or false, the French were most active in North America (what was to become Canada and America)

In 1660, the British most actively colonized which continent?

a. North America
b. South America
c. Australia
d. Asia

Testing of Productivity is which phase of the Vance Model?
1
2
3
4
5

Planting of Settlers is which phase of the Vance Model?
1
2
3
4
5

Between 1550 and 1660, which of the following countries (besides Spain and Portugal) colonized areas in the Americas? (select multiple)

(I) France
(II) UK
(III) the Netherlands

all of the above

True or false, economic colonialism is exploitative and extractive in nature.

True or false, gothic architecture transformed castles, churches, cathedrals and pretty much the whole of Europe.

Initiation of external trade is which phase of the Vance Model?
1
2
3
4
5

True or false, The Vance Model describes five stages in the development of linkages between: (I) a homeland area; (II) a new or previously unknown area; and (III) some intervening maritime space.

In a typical Hausman building where is the most expensive housing found?

a. Mezzanine
b. Second floor
c. Third floor
d. Fourth floor
e. Fifth floor

The Spanish colonial town which is home to the first Catholic parish in the US is

a. San Diego
b. St Augustine
c. Los Angeles
d. Miami

San Francisco, Los Angeles and St. Augustine are examples of ________ urbanization in North America?

a. French
b. British
c. Spanish
d. Canadian

True or false, Spanish architecture has Moorish influences because the Moors once occupied Spain

True or false Spain was a much more traditional society in its organization and goals than other place in Europe because it had been immersed for centuries in the Reconquest rather than in the Urban Revival

In a typical Hausman building where is the cheapest housing found?

a. Mezzanine
b. Second floor
c. Third floor
d. Fourth floor
e. Fifth floor

In terms of layout and location, Amsterdam is most similar to which of the following cities: (select multiple)

(I) Venice
(II) Paris
(III) London
(IV) Bruges

Dam Square was originally located at the

a. Amstel Dam
b. Bridge of Lions
c. Pont Neuf
d. Notre Dame

The original nucleus of development in Amsterdam was

a. a bishop's cathedral
b. a dam on a small river
c. an easily defended hill
d. the mouth of the river Rhine.

a dam on a small river

Den Waag (The Weigh House) in Amsterdam was significant because

a. It is the place the government met
b. The city had large volumes of shipping and trading and this is where goods were weighed.
c. It contained the red light district.
d. It represents architecture constructed in "The Grand Manner"

The city had large volumes of shipping and trading and this is where goods were weighed.

The motivation for Spain embarking on exploration of the New World involved which of the following: (select multiple)

(I) God
(II) Gold
(III) Glory

all of the above

The Laws of the Indies are based on a Roman book written by:

a. Vitruvius
b. Hippodamus
c. Vance
d. Miletus

The Laws by which the Spanish colonial towns are built are

a. Vance's Model
b. The Laws of the Indies
c. Perspectivism
d. The Law of the Primate City

The Laws of the Indies

The 17th Century historian, Bernabe Cobo, was describing what city when he said the following:
"it is the finest and most well-formed plaza that I have ever seen, even in Spain. It occupies an entire block, with the width of four streets on one side, and four streets on the other, and with all four sides it measures more than 2000 feet.

a. St Augustine
b. Lima, Peru
c. Madrid, Spain
d. Mexico City, Mexico

True or false, the Place des Vosges has symmetrically arranged uniform buildings that face inward and enclose a large open area.

In their conquest of the New World, the Spanish sought which of the following: (select multiple)

(I) Trade
(II) Subjects
(III) Converts
(IV) Tribute

(II) Subjects
(III) Converts
(IV) Tribute

In a typical Hausman building which of the following floors would have housing? (select multiple)

(I) Ground floor
(II) Mezzanine (or entresol)
(III) Second floor
(IV) Third floor
(V) Fourth floor
(VI) Fifth floor

(III) Second floor
(IV) Third floor
(V) Fourth floor
(VI) Fifth floor

True or false, Cities developed by the Spanish had straight streets, square lots, space for city growth and had architecture that was similar based on the idea that sameness created beauty

True or false, Paris is an important city to study because the redesign by Hausman (in the Grand Manner) gave the place an enormous amount of style, and became a blueprint for other cities to copy.

In what general direction did the Reconquest of Spain unfold?

a. North to South
b. South to North
c. East to West
d. West to East

True or false, the Plaza Mayor (main plaza) was the starting point for making a city according to the Law of the Indies

Which of the following characterize the French colonization of North America: (select multiple)

(I) Few permanent settlements
(II) Widespread but thin trade network
(III) Dispersed small military outposts
(IV) Trading with native populations.

all of the above

All goods moving from the upper to lower Great Lakes moved through which city?

a. Detroit
b. Quebec
c. Montreal
d. Albany

Who described the destruction of the Indians of the Americas as "the most massive act of genocide in the history of the world?"

a. Fernand Braudel
b. Henri Pirenne
c. David Stannard
d. Mark Jefferson

According to the book, "American Holocaust", how many Native Americans were killed in both North and South America, both from violence and diseases such as smallpox?

a. 1 million
b. 5 million
c. 10 million
d. 100 million

Which city is located at the gateway between the Great Lakes and the Atlantic?

a. Detroit
b. Quebec
c. Montreal
d. Albany

Fort Detroit followed a similar layout to what type of city?

a. Spanish city as defined in the Laws of the Indies
b. The French Bastide
c. None--it was completely organic

The French Bastide

What important features are evident from old maps of the Fort Detroit area? (select multiple)

(I) Settlement was quite limited
(II) Farming took place to long and narrow lots to maximize access to the river
(III) The presence of Indian villages near the Fort suggested that there was friendly relations with them

all of the above

What was the ratio of British settlers to French settlers in colonial times?

a. Two times
b. Three times
c. Five times
d. Ten times

True or false, Philadelphia was laid out like a Roman castrum, with streets running N-S and E-W, expanded by a rectilinear grid, and with city hall at the intersection of the two main thoroughfares

True or false, Boston was located on a Tombolo (a mound connected to the mainland by a narrow strip of land)

True or false, Landscape architecture is the design of outdoor areas, landmarks, and structures to achieve environmental, social-behavioral, or aesthetic outcomes

Which monarch transformed Versailles from a hunting lodge to a small city?

a. Henri IV
b. Louis XIV
c. Charles V
d. Henri Le Notre

Which of these are characteristics of the Grand Manner? (select multiple)

a. Concrete structures
b. Diagonal street axis
c. Tree-lined boulevards
d. Flying buttresses

Diagonal street axis, Tree-lined boulevards

What is a name for the march on Versailles to protest high food prices?

a. November March
b. Bread March
c. October March
d. Market March

Which of these strategies to combat London overcrowding were present in Elizabeth I's proclamation? (select multiple)

a. No conversion of single family into multi-family homes
b. No new building within 3 miles of the city center
c. No workers could be hired from outside of London
d. No building houses higher than 6 stories

No conversion of single family into multi-family homes, No new building within 3 miles of the city center

True or false, Versailles was built after the French Revolution

In 1666, ______________________ destroyed the city of London.

a. The Great Fog
b. The Plague
c. The American Revolution
d. The Great Fire

The rebuilding of London after 1666 followed a set of rules that: (select multiple)

(I) Was controlled by the King
(II) Was inspired by the French Grand Manner
(III) Was controlled by the people of London
(IV) "replaced wood with brick and stone"

Was controlled by the people of London, "replaced wood with brick and stone"

How many people were estimated to have become homeless during the event of 1666?
a. 150,000
b. 13,000
c. 500,000
d. 80,000

True or false, London was a primate city in the year 1800.

Emperor ___________ moved the capital of Rome to what would become Istanbul.

Which of these cities had the biggest population as of 1000 AD?

a. Constantinople
b. London
c. Paris
d. Venice

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