chapter 7(small)

three key pathways of respiration
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Terms in this set (19)
three key pathways of respiration
glycolysis, pyruvate and the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
metabolic pathways
release stored energy by breaking down molecules called catabolic pathways
Oxidation-reduction reactions
electron transfers
oxidation
loss of electrons
reduction
gain of electrons
summary of the equation for respiration
hydrogen is transferred from glucose to oxygen
activation energy
needs an input of energy to continue
Lower activation energy
process sped up by enzymes
Oxidation during cellular respiration
Energy state of the electron changes, available for ATP synthase, fuels multiple C--H bonds oxidized to C--O bonds
Steps in NAD+ and the electron transport chain
Glucose is broken down, each electron leaving glucose travels with a proton, hydrogen atoms not transferred but passed through electron transport chain, as an electron acceptor-NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during respiration
How does NAD+ trap electrons from glucose and other organic molecules?dehydrogenases remove hydrogen atoms from the substrate thereby oxidizing it, NAD+ becomes NADH from those two electrons, the proton is released as a hydrogenhow do electrons that are extracted from glucose and stored as potential energy in NADH finally reach oxygen?NADH passes electrons to electron transport chain- mainly proteins that are built into the inner membrane of the mitochondria, oxygen captures these electrons along with hydrogen.compare combustion and electron transport chainboth produce energy, heat is produced, electron transport chain releases energy while combustion takes in energywhy do hydrogen-rich molecules make good fuelwhen burned, the waste is only pure waterhow is a smaller amount of ATP formed in glycolysis and citric acid cycleby substrate-level phosphorylationenergy investmentcell spends ATPenergy payoffATP produced by substrate-level phosphorylation and NAD+ is reduced to NADH from the oxidation of glucoseelectron transport chaingets electrons that power ATP synthase via oxidative phosphorylationChemiosmosisA process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.