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Ch 8 The Appendicular Skeleton

Terms in this set (95)

The Appendicular skeleton consists of _____________ bones.
126
The Appendicular Skeleton diagram
The appendicular skeleton allows us to __________ and _________ objects
move; manipulate
The appendicular skeleton includes all bones besides ___________ skeleton
- the ______
- the _________ __________
axial

- limbs
- supportive girdles
The bones of the appendicular skeleton attach to the axial skeleton via the ____________
girdles
Name the girdles that attach the bones of the appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton
Pectoral girdle

Pelvic girdle
The Pectoral girdle attaches the ___________ _________ to the _________
upper limbs; trunk
The Pelvic girdle attaches the ________ __________ to the trunk
lower limbs ; trunk
The pectoral girdle is also called the ___________ _______________
shoulder girdle
The pectoral girdle connects the _____________ to the ______________
arms; body
The pectoral girdle positions the ___________
shoulders
The pectoral girdle provides a ___________ for __________ movement.
base for arm movement
The pectoral girdle consists of the 2 _________ and 2 ____________
clavicles; scapulae
The Pectoral girdle

- The _________ end of each clavicle articulates w the ___________
medial; manubrium
The pectoral girdle

- Laterally - the ends of the clavicles join the ____________ at the ___________
scapulae; acromion
Scapulae do not join ________ _______ or the __________ _________
each other; axial skeleton
The pectoral girdle provides ___________ for many ___________ that move the _________ _________
attachment; muscles; upper limb
The pectoral girdle, unlike the pelvic girdle, is highly ____________
mobile
The pectoral girdle

Girdle is very ___________ and upper limbs are ___________
light; mobile
Mobility of the pectoral girdle

- Only the __________ articulate w the axial skeleton

* __________ can move freely
clavicles

*Scapula
Mobility of the pectoral girdle

- Socket of the shoulder joint ( ______ __________ ) is ____________

*Good for ___________, bad for __________
glenoid cavity; shallow

*flexibility; stability
The pelvic girdle is much _________, but has much less ____________ of _____________
stronger; less range of motion
One of the most frequently dislocated bones is at the ____________ ____________
glenoid cavity
Acromioclavicular joint is b/w the _________ and the ____________
clavicle; scapula
The junction that comes b/w the appendicular and axial is at the ____________ _______________
sternoclavicular joint
There's no articulation of the first rib to the _____________,

there's only an articulation of the first rib to the ____________
clavicle

manubrium
The attachment point b/w axial and appendicular is at the ____________ ____________
sternoclavicular joint
Clavicles

- Extend ________ across the __________ _______
horizontally; superior thorax
Clavicles
- ___________ end articulates w the manubrium forming the __________ joint: a _____________ ____________ joint
Sternal; sternoclavicular; diarthrotic synovial
Clavicles
- ____________ end articulates w ___________ of the scapula forming the _____________ joint, a ______________ ___________ joint
Acromial ; acromion; acromioclavicular; diarthrotic synovial
Clavicles

- Provide _________ for muscles
attachment
Clavicles

- Hold the __________ and _________ laterally
scapulae; arms
Clavicles transmit ____________ _________ from the upper limbs to the __________ ____________
compression forces; axial skeleton
The lateral portion of the clavicle is a _________ bone.
dermal
He skipped ahead to slide 35 :)
...
pelvis diagram
Unlike the pectoral girdle, the pelvic girdle is a true girdle.
...
The pelvic girdle consists of:
- coxal bones
- sacrum

(does not include the coccyx)
The coxal bone are you classic ________ bones
composite
Coxal bones are _________ bones made of ________, _______, and _________ that join at the _____________ __________ and to the ________ ___________ at the sacrum
composite; ilium, pubis, and ischium; pubic symphysis

axial skeleton;
The Pelvic Girdle

- there are several different ___________ centers
ossification
Ossification center:

(name all --> hint: there are 3 sections ahah)
3 primary: one each in the ilium, pubis, and ischium +

secondary in iliac crest, anterior inferior spine (of ilium), ischial tuberosity, and

one or more at inferior portion of the acetabulum
the acetabulum is really complex b/c
- all 3 of the bones (ilium, pubis, and ischium) form the socket itself
At birth, the 3 primary centers are ________, the crest, the acetabulum, the ischial tuberosity, and the inferior rami of the ischium and pubis are __________.
separate; cartilaginous
Ossification is completed around __________ but fusion is not complete until age _______ - _________
puberty; 20-25
The Pelvis
- Made up of 2 _____ bones ( _________ bones) + _________ and __________
- hip; coxal; sacrum; coccyx
The pelvic girdle is made of the :
- 2 coxal bones +
- sacrum
The coxal bones connect at the __________ _______________ and forms an articulation w the axial skeleton at the _________ forming the ____________ joints, _____________ synovial
pubic symphysis; sacrum; sacroiliac joints, diarthrotic synovial
The pelvis is strong to bear ________ _________ and __________ of ___________
body weight; stress of movement
The Coxal bones are made up of ____ __________ ________, which include:
- ____________ (articulates w ____________ )
-
-
3 fused bones
- Ilium (sacrum)
- Ischium
- Pubis
Coxal Bones

*The acetabulum is also called the __________ ___________
hip socket
The acetabulum is the meeting point of the _________, _________, and ________
ilium, ischium, pubis
The acetabulum is on the _______ surface of the hip bone ( ________ ________)
lateral; (coxal bone)
The acetabulum articulates w the __________ of the ___________ ( _______ surface)
head; femur; (lunate surface)
Marks of the Ilium

- ________ __________ _______
* for __________ nerve

- __________ ________
* _________ ______

- _______ _______
* __________ between _______ ______ and _________ _______
- Greater sciatic notch
*For sciatic nerve

- Iliac crest
* Upper brim

- Iliac fossa
* Depression b/w iliac crest and arcuate line
Arcuate line
...
The largest nerve in our body passes through the _______ _______ ________
greater sciatic notch
Greater sciatic notch: the largest nerve in our body passes through there --> traveling thru L4 and L5 and down the lower leg
...
If someone has lumbar issues (a.k.a back issues), where does that typically occur and why?
- it's almost always L4 and L5 , b/c we have the greatest degree of curvature in that particular location
What do people call the ischial tuberostiy?
the "sit bone"
Do we sit on our "sit bones" (ischial tuberosity) or the ischial ramus?
- if you're kind of slouched over, then you are sitting on the ischial tuberosity

- if you're sitting really upright, then you're really on the ischial ramus
The pubic symphysis does change in terms of the overall spacing, especially when women are _________
pregnant
The pelvic cavity is the space enclosed by the bones of the pelvis but it can be divided into 2 divisions:

- the ________ ( ________ )
- the ________ ( ________ ) pelvis
- false (greater)
- true (lesser)
The False pelvis extends from the _______ of __________ _________ inferiorly to the ___________ __________
blades; iliac crest; arcuate line
The true pelvis sits _________ to the false pelvis
inferior
The true pelvis _________ the pelvic _______
encloses; pelvic cavity
The true pelvis consists of:
-
-
Pelvic brim
Perineum region
The true pelvis extends from the ________ ________ to the __________ __________
pelvic brim; pelvic outlet
True Pelvis
- The pelvic brim is the __________ ___________ of true pelvis that encloses the _________ ___________
upper edge; pelvic inlet
True Pelvis
- The perineum region is the __________ _________ of true pelvis

- The perineum region forms the _________ __________

- The perineal muscles support _________ of ___________ _______
- inferior edges

- pelvic outlet

- organs; pelvic cavity
The true pelvis would contain things like all of the rectum and the reproductive organs

(additional intestines and other things are going to be found up in the false pelvis)
...
The false pelvis is also known as the
greater pelvis
The true pelvis is also known as the
lesser pelvis
The distinction b/w the true and false pelvis is purely __________
anatomical
The plane of the pelvic outlet does not define
...
The False pelvis extends from the __________ of the __________ inferior to the _________ __________
blades; ilium; arcuate line
The Pelvic Girdle
* Comparing the Male Pelvis and Female Pelvis
...
Female Pelvis
- smoother and lighter
- less prominent muscle and ligament attachments
- Pelvis modifications for Childbearing
Female Pelvis modifications for Childbearing include:
- enlarged pelvic outlet
- shallow iliac fossa
- broad pubic angle (>100 degrees)
- less curvature of sacrum and coccyx
- coccyx points inferiorly
- wide, circular pelvic inlet
- broad, low pelvis
-ilia project laterally, not upwards
- triangular shaped obturator foramen
Male pelvis extends more in the __________ direction
vertical
Longer and thinner sacrum in _______

*with pronounced sacral curvature
males
Broader and shorter sacrum in ________

*w less sacral curvature
females
Males have __________ iliac fossa to accommodate more muscles
deeper
Pelvic outlet is much more _________ in males
narrow
Coccyx is pointed more in _________ direction in males and ____________ direction in females
male: anterior
female: inferiorly
The acetabulum is directly _______ in males and slightly __________ in females
lateral; forward/anterior
The obturator foramen
male:
female:
male: oval
female: triangular
Pubic angle
male:
female:
male: under 90 degrees

female: 100 degrees or more
male and female pelvis
Pelvic inlet:
male:
female:
male: narrower, heart shaped
female: open, circular shaped
Pelvic outlet
male:
female:
male: narrow
female: enlarged
Coccyx
male:
female:
male: points anteriorly
female: points inferiorly
Acetabulum
male:
female:
male: directed laterally
female: faces slightly anteriorly
Obturator foramen
male:
female:
male: oval
female: triangular
Bone markings
male:
female:
male: more prominent
female: less prominent
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