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Biology Midterm

Terms in this set (21)

Systematics
study of the diversity of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms
Levels of Classification
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
PROKARYOTES ("pro" = before, "karyon" = nucleus)
1. Unicellular: Bacteria and blue-green algae
2. No nucleus; nucleiod region with single
circular DNA; single chromosome;
3. Smaller
4. Cell wall in all
5. Ribosomes (30 & 50S)
6. No membrane-bound organelles
7. Transcription and Translation in cystosol

EUKARYOTES ("eu" = true, "karyon" = nucleus)
1. Unicellular or Multicellular: protists, fungi,
plants & animals
2. Nucleus; consist of mutiple chromosomes
3. Bigger
4. Cell wall ONLY in fungi & plants
5. Ribosomes (40 & 60S)
6. Membrane-bound organelles
7. Transcription in nucleus; Translation in cytosol

BOTH
1. Cytoplasm
2. DNA
3. Cell membrane
4. ribosomes
5. Activities of living things
Inductive reasoning
reasoning from detailed facts to general principles:
being able to take isolated facts and combine them into a complete idea.
deductive reasoning
the process of applying a general statement to specific facts or situations
emerging disease
disease that appears in the population for the first time, or an old disease that suddenly becomes harder to control
supergroups
major groups of evolution that protists are categorized in
taxonomy
The scientific study of how living things are classified
Principles of cell theory
1. All organisms are made of cells
2. All existing cells are produced by other living cells
3. The cell is the most basic unit of life
atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
mass number
the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus
atomic mass
The average mass of all the isotopes of an element
What type of charge does a hydrogen atom carry when it is bonded to another atom by a hydrogen bond?
Slightly positive
What is most directly responsible for water having a high heat capacity?
Hydrogen bonding
Acids
Substances that add H+ to a solution
Example: lemon juice
Bases
Substances that either take up H+ from or release hydroxide ions (OH-) into a solution.
Examples: soap, bleach
The majority of carbon atoms have 12 neutrons, though some have 13 or 14. When the _______________________ of the mass of all isotopes of carbon is calculated, we get the atomic mass of carbon: 12.01.
average
acids
substances that have a pH under 7.0
bases
substances that have a pH over 7.0
Elements consist of tiny particles called
atoms
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in their number of
neutrons
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