Nichols Career Center LPN- Cells and Tissues

plasma membrane
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Terms in this set (43)
plasma membrane
serves as boundary of cell
golgi apparatus
stack of flattened membranous sacs, chemically processes then packages substances from the ER
lysosomes
bubble of enzymes encased by a membrane, a cells digestive system
nucleolus
dense region of nucleus, plays an essential role in the formation of ribosomes
ribosomes
tiny particles, each made up of rRNA subunits, synthesize proteins
endoplasmic reticulum
membranous network of interconnected canals and sacs, some with ribosomes some without
centrioles
pair of hollow cylinders, each made up of tiny tubules, function in cell reproduction
cilia
short hair like extensions on surface of some cells, move substances along surface of the cell
flagella
single and much longer projection of some cells, only example in humans is the "tail" of the sperm
microvilli
small finger like extensions of the plasma membrane, increase absorptive surface area of the cell
nucleusdouble membrane spherical envelope containing DNAmitochondriamembranous capsul containing a large folded membrane encrusted with enzymes, contains its own DNA, ATP synthesistransport processesprocess of moving substances in and out of cellspassive transportmovement of substances from a higher concentration gradient to a lower, requires no use of cellular energy, stops when there are equal proportions in both sides of the membranepinocytosisactive transport mechanism used to transfer fluids or dissolved substances into cellsphagocytosisingestion and digestion of particles by cellsosmosismovement of fluid through a semi-permeable membranefiltrationmovement of water and solutes through a membrane by a higher hydrostatic pressurediffusionspreading, for example scattering of dissolved particlesdialysisseparation of smaller particles from larger particles through a semipermeable membranetransfer RNAtype of RNA that temporarily binds to specific amino acids and transfers them to specific sequences on messenger RNA molecule, also know as tRNAtranscriptionaction that occurs when the double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and forms mRNAsquamousscalelikespindle fibera network of tubules formed in the cytoplasm between the centrioles as they are moving away from each othersodium-potassium pumpa system coupled ions that pumps, actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell at the same time, found in all cellssolutesubstance that dissolves into another substanceRNAnucleic acid found in cytoplasm that is crucial to protein synthesispseudostratified epitheliumtype of tissue similar to simple columnar epithelium, forms a membrane made up of a single layer of cells that are tall and narrow but are squeezed together in a way that pushes the nuclei into 2 layers, gives initial impression of stratifiedphospholipidphosphate containing fat moleculeosteonstructural unit of compact bone tissue made up of concentric layers of hard bone matrix and bone cells, also called Haversian systemorganellesinter cellular organnucleoplasma special type of cytoplasm found in the nucleusnuclear envelopeboundary of a cells nucleus made up of a double layer of cellular membraneneuronnerve cell, including its processestissue typinga procedure used to identify tissue compatibility before an organ transplantscarthickened mass of tissue, usually fiberous connective tissue, remains after a damaged tissue has been repairedrejection reactionimmune responses to a donated or grafted tissue or organregenerationprocess of replacing missing tissue with new tissue by means of cell divisionneoplasman abnormal mass of proliferating cells that may either be benign or malignantkeloidan unusually thick, irregular shaped progressively enlarging fiberous scar on the skincystic fibrosisinherited disease involving abnormal chloride ion (Cl-) transport, causes secretion of abnormally thick mucus and other problemscholerapotentially fatal, infections bacterial disease characterized by severe diarrhea, vomiting, cramps, and dehydrationcancertumor capable of metastasized (spreading) to other parts