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Integumentary System

Terms in this set (54)

epidermis
upper portion of skin and consists of stratified squamous (no blood vessels)
dermis
between epidermis & hypodermis connective tissue
(dermis) papillary
nourish the epidermis
(dermis) reticular
protect and connect
hypodermis
below (deep) the dermis made of connective tissue, holds tissue in place
hair follicle
organ, very small, produce hair
sebaceous gland
oil gland, secrets into hair follicle or skin
hair shaft
hair we can see
arrector pill muscle
muscle that pulls hair straight up
sweat gland
produces sweat
sweat gland duct
tube that takes sweat to the surface
pore of sweat gland
surface (is the opening),secrets sweat
nerve fibers
receive and send signals to the nervous system
touch receptor
can detect faint and direct contact with skin, below epidermis
pressure receptor
can determine amount of pressure a touch delivers
cutaneous plexus
veins and arteries and strong connective tissue that holds in place
adipose connective tissue
thermal regulation and protection
thick skin
5 layers of epidermis, soles of feet & palms
thin skin
4 layers of epidermis, no stratum lucidum
surface
skin is lost
stratum corneum
10-15 days; top layers have the most keratin, dead and dry
stratum lucidum
thick skin only, cells are flattened & keratinized
stratum granulosum
no mitosis, granules produce keratin
stratum spinosum
some mitosis (spikes)
stratum basale
bottom layer, stem cells melanocytes; ridges are formed
basement membrane
where epidermis attaches to dermis
recovery from burn
bottom to top layer is 7-10 days
pigmentation
carotene, melanin, and blood
carotene
orange, yellow pigment; epidermis turns into vitamin A, good for maintaining epithelium cells and & photo receptors
melanin
brown, yellow-brown, black in presence of sunlight
melanocyte
cells that produce melanin
how do we become tan?
increase in sunlight=increase in melanin production. means melanocytes worked harder NOT MORE OF THEM
albino
no pigment is produced
cyanosis
when someone turns blue= lack of oxygen, no blood flow
positive effects of sun
vitamins d3 made from a steriod in the epidermis when exposed to sun
negative effect of sun
skin cancer, b/c UV radiation can mutate DNA
why do we need vitamin D?
liver & kidney turn it into calcitriol
ABCD's (and E)
asymmetry, border, color, diameter, & evolving
hair matrix
epithelial stem cells that divide to form the matrix
hair papilla
cap of epithelium at the base of the hair follicle that connects blood vessels & nerves
what rate does hair grow?
from the scalp for 2-5 years, .3mn/day average
fuctions of hair
1. protects scalp
2. prevents foreign entry of particles
3. prevent injury via sensory perception
4. express ourselves
how does stress turn your hair grey?
1. differences are due to type & amount of melanin
2. age=less pigment produced, no pigment= grey hair
function of nails
protects fingers & toes
nail body
nail cell, exposed
nail bed
epidermis the nail attaches to
nail root
site of nail growth
lanula
crescent, white by cuticle
keloids
thickened scar tissue, "keeps healing"
wound healing 1
(immediately after injury) bleeding, inflammatory response
wound healing 2
(several hours later) scab formed (clot), phagocytic cells remove debris (eat it), granulation of tissue (blood clots, fibroblasts, capillaries)
wound healing 3
(one week past) damaged cells are replaces by fibroblasts, scar tissue may form
wound healing 4
(several weeks) scab is shed, scar tissues replaces tissue @ site of injury, epidermal cells cover over
aging & skin
skin becomes dry, skin repairs slowly, sagging of skin, hair color changes & thin, sensitivity to sun, more common to skin injury, immune system sensitivity is reduced, and muscles & bones get weaker
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