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Social Science
Sociology
Criminology
Sociology Chapter 6
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Gravity
Terms in this set (25)
Emma was convicted of larceny and is currently undergoing therapy in prison. She is visited by a counselor on a regular basis and also receives vocational and educational training to help her reintegrate with society. In the context of the goals of punishment, this scenario best exemplifies __________.
rehabilitation
Freida had been planning to buy a car and found a website that sells cars at low prices. The website claimed that she would receive the car in less than a week of making the payment. She found a car that matched all her requirements and completed the payment immediately because she did not want to lose the deal. However, she did not receive the car even after weeks of completing the payment. Which of the following crimes does this scenario most likely exemplify?
Internet crime
In the context of conflict perspectives on deviance, which of the following statements is true about the critical approach?
It is based on the assumption that the criminal justice system protects the power and privilege of the capitalist class.
In 1972, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled (in Furman v. Georgia) that the death penalty __________.
is legal if imposed fairly
Who among the following would most likely be considered deviant because of an unusual belief system?
Terri, who is convinced that the government is using vaccines to intentionally make people ill
Which of the following theories states that deviance is a socially constructed process in which social control agencies designate certain people as deviants and they, in turn, come to accept the tag placed upon them and begin to act accordingly?
Labeling theory
A person may shoplift an item of clothing from a department store and be apprehended and labeled as a "thief," subsequently accept that label, and then go on to shoplift more in the future. This future behavior is an example of __________ deviance.
Secondary
Reading about criminal trials in newspapers or watching them on television is likely to instill a fear of punishment in people and prevent them from engaging in similar acts of crime. In the context of the goals of punishment, this is most likely an example of __________.
general deterrence
Which of the following statements is true about rational choice theory?
It suggests that most people who commit crimes make careful decisions based on weighing the available information regarding situational and personal factors.
People who cannot obtain wealth may nevertheless seek to maintain the respect of others by being hard workers or honest individuals. In the context of Merton's types of social adaptation, this best exemplifies __________.
Ritualism
Which of the following terms refers to the systematic practices that social groups develop in order to encourage conformity to norms, rules, and laws and to discourage deviance?
Social Control
A minor crime that is typically punished by less than one year in jail is called a(n) __________.
misdemeanor
Which of the following statements is true of the postmodernist perspective on deviance?
It posits that social institutions categorize people into "deviant" subgroups and then control them through specific patterns of discipline.
Which of the following feminist perspectives on deviance is based on the assumption that women are exploited by both capitalism and patriarchy?
The Marxist feminist approach
A socioeconomically disadvantaged teenager decides that she must resort to crime to buy some clothes she wants. In the context of Merton's types of social adaptation, the teenager's behavior is an example of __________.
innovation
Unlike the liberal feminist approach, the radical feminist approach
views the cause of women's crime as originating in patriarchy.
Kenny is a 30-year-old man who has been a frequent user of marijuana and cocaine for over five years. He believes there is nothing wrong with using these drugs recreationally and that using marijuana and cocaine is no different from consuming alcohol. Kenny's attitude best exemplifies __________.
tertiary deviance
In the context of the basic gang types identified by Cloward and Ohlin, gangs that are unable to gain success through legitimate means and are unwilling to do so through illegal ones are called __________.
retreatist gangs
Identify a true statement about crime victimization in the United States.
Females have higher arrests rates than males in the category of commercialized vice.
Criminologist Ronald Akers's theory on deviance that suggests that both deviant behavior and conventional behavior are learned through the same social processes is called __________ theory.
differential reinforcement
Ali is pursuing a medical degree at one of the best universities in the United States. He wants to become a successful surgeon and works hard to excel at what he does. In the context of Merton's types of social adaptation, Ali most likely subscribes to __________.
conformity
When police officers single out African Americans and Latin Americans during criminal investigations and subject them to discriminatory treatment, the police officers engage in __________.
racial profiling
Which of the following terms is used to refer to not only prisons and jails but also to a number of programs and organizations that manage people who are either accused or convicted of crimes?
Corrections
Which of the following statements is true about crime in the United States?
African Americans are more likely than people in other racial or ethnic classifications to become crime victims.
Burglary, larceny-theft, motor-vehicle theft, and arson are examples of __________ crimes.
property
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