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Chapter 32 GI system Labs and diagnostic test

Terms in this set (26)

What is carinoembryonic antigen? (CEA)
Blood test to detect glycoproteins produced during rapid multiplication of epithelial cells

Normal range: less than 2.5 and less than 5 if you are a smoker

it identifies stage of colorectal cancer. Test for recurrence of mestasis of colong or liver cancer.
Monitro response to live and GI cancer therapy. If elevated it can mean benign tumors, cirrhosism GI cancer, IBD and pancreatitis
Stool for occult blood
stool sample test for the presence of blood

Negative

Blood presence can be indicative of peptic ulcer, colorectal cancer, ulcerative colitis
Stool cultures
stool sampled for bacteria

negative or no pathogen growth

indicative of botulism or bacterial infection
What is stool for fat (lipids)
test for fat in stool

2-7 g per 24 hours

if increased it can indicate crohn's disease, malabsorption syndrome, malnutrition, pancreatic disease, peptic ulcer disease
What is stool immunochemical test?
sampled for presence of hidden blood
Albumin
body protein in greatest concentration. Evaluates liver, kidneys and nutritional status

3.7-5.1 (20 to 40 years old)
3.4-4.8 ( 41 to 60 years old)
3.2-4.6 ( 61 to 90 years old)
2.9-4.5 ( older than 90)

if decreased it means acute and chronic liver disease, kidney disease and malnutrition
Ammonia
a by-product of protein catabolism

15-60 mcg/dl

increase in cirrhosis and hepatitis
Amylase
detects and evaluates treatment for pancreatitis

100-300 units

increase in biliary tract disease, common bile duct obstruction or stones, pancreatitis, pancreatic ascites, cancer, cysts or tumor
AST also called SGOT
enzyme found in large amounts in the liver and smaller amounts in the pancreas that is released into bloodstream with tissue damage. Levels reflect degree of damage

male: 20- 40 units
Female: 15-30
( 20-49 years old)


Male older than 50 or female older than 45
10-35 units
Bilirubin
Total- evaluates liver function-less than 2.1 if increased if excessive red blood cells destruction, liver damage., and bile duct obstruction
Calcium
identifies serum calcium levels which is involved in almost all of the body's essential processes

8.2-10.2

decrease with acute pancreatitis, cirrhosis, malabsorption, and malnutrition
Cholesterol
identifies 12 hour fasting serum cholesterol level

greater than 200 mg/dL

increase in pancreatitis and gallbladder disease
decrease may indicate severe liver disease
Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)
determines level of intracellular enzyme released with injury or disease
110-250
increased in liver disease

90-156 units (15 to 43 years)
90-176 units (older than 43 years)

increased in cirrhosis, liver cancer, pancreatitis, obstructive jaundice, and viral hepatitis
Lipase
pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats, can indicate pancreas cancer

0-60 units

if elevated pancreatic disease
Prothrombin time
vitamin K dependent protein produced by the liver. Is a coagulation test measuring time for a fibrin clot to form

10-13 seconds

elevated in biliary obstruction, cirrhosis and vitamin K deficiency
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