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study designs + all their content

Terms in this set (10)

review/ meta-analysis
synthesizing existing knowledge through using a statistical procedure that pools data from many small trials (is considered a viable alternative to conducting large trials)
ecological study
an ecological study is an observational study that complete research on groups of people and individuals level data are not collected (ecological study is focused on population rather than individuals)

EX: looking at rates of cervical cancer mortality accross different countries (more broad)

ecological fallacy: the fact that individuals in an ecological study with the outcome may not be the ones who have the exposure
case series
a descriptive study to present patients in a clinical setting


EX: a geoup or series of case reports involving patients who were given similar treatment
cross-sectional study (snapshot of health)
cross-sectional studies is considered a snapshot of health as we collect data at one point in time - people are selected for the study based on the fact that they are representitive of some group of people

EX: COPH USF students

NOT SELECTED BASED ON EXPOSURE OR OUTCOME although we may choose to study a group of people who are at risk for a given disease/outcome
case-control study
case-control studies are a type of analytical study design with the goal of identifying the cause of a disease - a group of individuals with a disease are compared to a group of individuals without the disease

EX: testing the association between smoking and lung cancer with people that have cancer and do not have cancer - have smoked and have never smoked
cohort study
a study design that involves following a subset of a population over a lifetime - the goal of a cohort study is to identify the cause of a disease (researchers do not influence what participants do, they simply observe)

people who are enrolled are enrolled are free of the disease and are followed over time to see if the disease is developed (based on exposure)
experiemental study
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qualitative study
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confounding factors
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different forms of bias
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