Hess's LawEnthalpy is a state function and is therefore independent of path (the amount of energy in a substance is independent of how it is made)Enthalpy of Formation (∆H(f))The ∆H of a formation reactionStandard conditions25°C and 1.00 atmStandard enthalpy of formation (∆H(f)°)∆H(f) measured at 25°C and 1.00 atm∆H°∑∆H(f)°(products) - ∑∆H(f)°(reactants)The ∆H(f)° of an element in its elemental form is _______0Activation energyThe energy necessary to start a chemical reactionEntropy (S)A measure of the disorder that exists in any system Joules/mole*K OR kcals/mole*K OR kJ/mole*KSecond Law of ThermodynamicsThe entropy of the universe must always either in crease or remain the same. It can never decrease.The _______ state has the least amount of entropy associated with it.solidThe entropy of a system _______ with increasing temperature.increasesThe entropy of a system ______ as the matter it contains increases.increases∆S° =∑∆S°(products) - ∑∆S°(reactants)Gibbs Free Energy (∆G)∆H - T∆S where T = temperature of surroundings (in Kelvin)When ∆G < 0, the reactionis spontaneousWhen ∆G > 0, the reactioncannot proceedAn exothermic reaction that increases energy ...is always spontaneousAn endothermic reaction that decreases entropy ...will never occurThe ∆G°(f) of any element in its elemental form is _______0

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Verified questions

chemistry

Select the best electrical conductors from the following solutions, and explain the reason for your choices: 0.10 $\mathrm{M}$ $\mathrm{NH}_3$ ; 0.10 $\mathrm{M}$ $\mathrm{NaCl}$ ; 0.10 $\mathrm{M}$ $\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{COOH}$ (acetic acid); 0.10 $\mathrm{M}$ $\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{OH}$ (ethanol).

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anatomy and physiology

In an experiment on synaptic transmission, a synapse was bathed in a $Ca^{2+}$ -free medium that was otherwise equivalent to extracellular fluid. An action potential was triggered in the presynaptic neuron. Although the action potential reached the axon terminal at the synapse, the usual response of the postsynaptic cell did not occur. What conclusion did the researchers draw from these results?

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engineering

A source-follower circuit using NMOS transistors is constructed following the pattern shown in Fig. earlier All three transistors used are identical, with $V_t=1 \mathrm{~V}$ and $\mu_x C_{\alpha x} W / L=20 \mathrm{~mA} / \mathrm{V}^2 ; V_{C C}=5 \mathrm{~V}, R=R_L=1 \mathrm{k} \Omega$ . For linear operation, what are the upper and lower limits of the output voltage, and the corresponding inputs?

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physics

Choose a process and system that match the following energy description: The kinetic energy of an object becomes gravitational potential energy of the system. (a) A pendulum bob released from a certain height swings to the lowest position; the system is the pendulum bob and the string. (b) A pendulum bob released from a certain height swings to the lowest position; the system is the pendulum bob and Earth.(c) A pendulum moves from the bottom of its swing to the top; the system is the pendulum bob and Earth.(d) A pendulum bob moves from the bottom of its swing to the top; the system is the pendulum bob and the string.

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