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Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis

Terms in this set (13)

What are the 3 main drug used to treat allergic rhinitis?
-oral antihistamines
-Intranasal glucocorticoids
-Sympathomimetics
What are the meds under Oral antihistamines?
1st generation diphenhydramine and 2n gen loratadine
What is the action of Oral antihistamines?
-Blocks histamine to relieve sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal itching
What are the side effect of Oral antihistamines?
Usually mild - sedation
-Anticholinergic effects - drying of nasal secretions, dry mouth, constipation, urinary hesitancy
What are the nursing considerations for Oral antihistamines?
Administer on a regular basis throughout the allergy season, even when symptoms are absent to prevent histamine receptor activation
What are the meds under Intranasal Glucocorticoids?
-fluticasone, propionate,
mometasone
What is the action for Intranasal Glucocorticoids?
Anti-inflammatory actions

Prevent and suppress signs & symptoms of allergic rhinitis (congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal itching, and erythema)
What are the side effects of Intranasal Glucocorticoids?
-Usually mild - drying of the nasal mucosa and a burning or itching sensation
-Sore throat, epistaxis, and headaches may occur
-Systemic effects are rare; may slow child's linear growth (slow, but not reduce)
What are the nursing considerations for Intranasal Glucocorticoids?
-Can be taken regularly to prevent signs & symptoms, as well as to treat the signs & symptoms when they appear
-Administer using a metered-dose spray device
-Full doses are given initially, then the dosage is reduced once symptoms are under control
-If nasal congestion is present, a topical decongestant should be used (if ordered) before glucocorticoid administration
What are the meds under Sympathomimetics?
-phenylephrine,
pseudoephedrine
What is the action of Sympathomimetics?
-Reduce nasal congestion by activating alpha1 adrenergic receptors on nasal blood vessels
-Topical administration results in a rapid response
-Oral administration results in a delayed response, but is longer acting
What is the side effect of Sympathomimetics?
-Rebound congestion develops when topical agents are used for more than a few days
-CNS stimulation - only with oral dosing
-Cardiovascular effects - with oral dosing
What are the nursing considerations for Sympathomimetics?
-Topical sympathomimetics should be used for no more than 3-5 consecutive days
-Clients that have HTN or CAD must use these cautiously
-Pseudoephedrine and ephedrine are associated with abuse because of CNS stimulation (produces effects similar to that of amphetamine)
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