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Lean Six Sigma Black Belt

Terms in this set (123)

What does P stand in the acronym of a process map, SIPOC. What does the P stand for in this acronym?
Process
Product
Population
Preliminary
Process
Which of the control charts must have at least 20 subgroups of observed values to judge whether a process is in control or not?
R-Chart
P-Chart
C-Chart
Y-Chart
An R-chart contains data gathered at regular intervals. It measures the sample range over time which is a measure of dispersion. The R-chart must have at least 20 subgroups of observed values with each subgroup containing 3 to 6 observations. With these minimum number of observations, it is convenient to observe whether the variation falls within the upper and lower control limits.
The practice of using specific points in its storage area to indicate when products need to be ordered.
Kanban
Poka-yoke
Checkpoints
Hoshin
Kanban technique is used in lean. It is a pull technique which eliminates labor and inventory waste. The word Kanban is a Japanese word which means a "signal card".
A Black Belt practitioner is hired to identify a number of Critical to Price (CTP) factors in an effort to streamline and reduce costs associated with manufacturing Product A. The following are CTP factors EXCEPT:
Component costs
Assembly costs
Shipping costs
Loan refinancing costs
Loan Refinancing costs. A Critical to Price (CTP) is all the factors influencing the costs of a process. To manufacture a product component costs, assembly costs, shipping costs have to be included to calculate the total cost of manufacturing of the product.
An advanced quantitative analysis to optimize business or industrial processes through process mapping and modelling using multiple variables. This tool is referred as
Capability-requirements analysis
FMEA analysis
Capability-complexity analysis
C&E Analysis
The capability and complexity analysis in six sigma helps to define, measure and control of complexity of products and services along with their capabilities. The advanced capability-complexity analysis permits what if analysis to optimize process mapping and modelling using multi-variables.
Which of the following techniques dramatically shortens changeover times?
Continuous flow
Standard work
Work in process (WIP)
Single minute exchange of dies (SMED)
Single-Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED) is a cluster of techniques for dramatically shortening the time to complete a changeover. Shigeo Shingo, a Japanese industrial engineer, first conceptualized SMED whose pioneering work reduced changeover times by a factor of 20 across a wide range of manufacturing companies.
Correction, over-production, inventory, and motion are all examples of
Waste
5S target areas
Noise
Value-added activities
A waste is a non-value added loss. Ideally a project should remove or minimize waste as much as possible before the closure of the project.
If the primary metric of a project is reduced cost, then the consequential metric would be?
Reduced cycle time
Reduced scrap rate
Reduced set-up time
All the above
None of the above
Reduced cycle time, scrap time, set-up time are all the consequential metrics.
A company has installed a system that prevents orders with incorrect information from being forwarded to production scheduling. This is an example of which of the following lean tools?
Standard work
Kanban
Poka-Yoke
Visual factory
A Poka-Yoke is a Japanese technique which means mistake proofing. It helps the mistakes from not being passed on to next operation
Which of the following is a component of a visual factory?
Product specifications
Zero defect policies
Just-in-time policies
Equipment service manuals
The objective of visual factory is easy visualization of all the activities in the organization. The Visual factory removes the overhead waste by using a combination of signs, charts, dashboards, etc to speed up the transmission of data and information. (Product specification), Safety information, Process measures, and work instruction are some components of visual factory. This is used in lean production environment.
Which of the following tools can be used to identify waste or non-value-added activities?
Force yield analysis
Pareto analysis
Scatter diagram
Process map
A process map is a detailed pictorial depiction of process flow using color coded symbols to display methodically steps, events and operations. This tool is helps in establishing relationship between inputs and outputs. All those who contribute to the process will document in the process map. This tool is very effective in identifying waste and non-value added activities.
The expected value is very close to the term
Probabilistic model
mean
Markov value
Regressive value
The term expected value is used for random variables and is very close to the term "mean"
A system that delivers products or services at the correct time and in the correct quantities is referred to as
Takt time
Kaizen
Just-in-time
Single-piece flow
Just in time believes in the elimination of waste. The principle of JIT is to produce the necessary products, at the necessary time and in necessary quantity.
Which tool is used to assess the significance of factors in either a fractional or a full-factorial experiment structure?
Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
Fault tree analysis (FTA)
Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
Evolutionary operation (EVOP)
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to test general differences among means. This test is used to assess the fractional or full factorial structures.
Which of the following is defined as continuous, incremental improvement?
Kanban
Kaizen
JIT
Kaikaku
Kaizen is a long-term approach to work systematically to achieve small incremental continuous improvement in the process to achieve quality and efficiency.
Which one of the following is an inventive methodology for problem-solving?
BPR
TPM
TRIZ
BMP
TRIZ is an inventive methodology and tool used in problem-solving. TRIZ uses failure analysis such as the reasons for an explosion in a food plant to problem-solve in the future. This methodology also uses systems' analysis whereby systems and processes are studied in depth in order to find innovative solutions to problems.
Which of the following methods is used to develop an exhaustive list of ideas about a subject?
Benchmarking
Brainstorming
Goal-setting
Problem-solving
Brainstorming is a technique which is most useful to get an exhaustive list of ideas from a group. In six sigma Brainstorming technique is useful define stage.
Design for Test is a design technique that offers a benefit of:
Customer satisfaction tests
Defect diagnosis
Manufacturability
Smaller process variation
Design for test is a technique, which introduces a testing capability in the manufacture of electronics. The objective of this technique is to introduce and validate the capability of (diagnosing product defects).
What is useful to capture the Voice of the Customer (VOC) data from a large sample of the target customer base?
Government records
Surveys and questionnaires
Census data
Case studies
Data collection is crucial to obtain information about an organization's target customer base. Business professionals can capture the voice of their customers, by using (surveys and questionnaires). This information captured is about their attitudes, preferences, demographics, and purchasing habits. The objective of using surveys and questionnaires is to gather up-to-date information about customer requirements.
A company wishes to compare the expected mileage of eight different types of car tires. Which of the following statistical tests is best suited for the analysis?
Multiple regression
ANOVA
Paired-difference test
Z-test
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a statistical test that evaluates the differences among means of three or more samples. In the above-mentioned example, each of the eight-car tires will be tested and its average expected mileage is recorded. The ANOVA analysis substantiates if at least 2 of the tires have significantly different mileages.
SMED is a lean manufacturing concept that is used to reduce waste in the manufacturing process. What does the E stand for?
"Single Minute (Exchange) of Die" (SMED) is a lean production concept designed to reduce waste in manufacturing processes. The goal of SMED is to increase the efficiency of converting production from one product to another. This increase in efficiency is done by improving the flow of resources through the production line and decreasing production lot sizes.
The following are components of Operational Excellence in manufacturing EXCEPT:
Focusing on the needs of the customers
Introducing multiple layers of middle management
Optimizing current activities
Providing employees with continuous training
Operational Excellence is a management philosophy that emphasizes the roles of leadership and problem-solving in the continuous improvement of an organization. This philosophy is designed to empower employees (rather than introducing multiple layers of middle management) while focusing on the needs of the customers. The goal of the philosophy is to also optimize current activities and processes and provide employees with continuous training.
Which one of the following modes are ideal for informal communication?
Water-cooler discussion
Presentation
E-mail
Group meeting
Informal communication in an organization serves a number of purposes such as providing quick updates, offering support to employees in a deadline crunch, and addressing minor delays and complications. Informal communication that occurs in an organization such as a quick chat by the (water-cooler) can serve these purposes. Face-to-face meetings can also be informal depending on the nature of the discussion and its goals.
Positional, cyclical, and temporal variations are most commonly analyzed in
SPC charts
Multi-vari charts
Cause and effect diagrams
Run charts
A multi-vary chart graphically depicts the variation pattern. The positional, cyclical and temporal variations are analyzed by multi-vari charts.
Which of the following is an important responsibility of a project champion?
Leading the team
Documenting the overall progress of the team
Allocating resources to support the team
Coaching the team in DMAIC process
A project champion should support his team for project completion. (He should allocate resources to support the team.)
Which of the following tools is appropriate to use with multiple criteria requiring a single option to be selected?
Pugh matrix
Kano model
Hypothesis testing
PDCA
A Pugh matrix is used to evaluate many concepts based on their strengths and weakness against to a reference concept. The reference concept is also called datum or base concept.
When the variation cause is a cluttered workstation which technique helps to increase the process stability?
5S
SMED
Preventive maintenance
Visual factory
In six sigma, a 5S can be used to reduce waste. A 5S in lean sigma ensures smart and clean workstation organization. This helps to increase the process stability.
The process developing a problem statement by a six sigma team will help to
Agree on key dates associated with completing major project phases
Achieve consensus and ownership of the process
Determine solutions
Determine how often it should meet.
A problem statement is a precise description of an issue. A problem statement helps to get a consensus to understand the issue or the problem and (the team members can take ownership of the process.)
Which of the following will have the most influence on consumers' perception of quality?
Industry standards
Company financial performance
Audit results
Service and repair policies
Quality usually means exceeding customer expectations. The service and repair policies after the purchase of the product will enhance the customer experience and his exception on quality.
An important aspect of data collection is that the data collector should
Determine the dispersion of the data
Know how the data are to be used
Use a control chart to analyze the data
Use stratified sampling plan
Data collection is a systematic method of gathering the data from many sources to get an accurate information of the desired area of interest. The most important aspect of any statistician is to know where to get the data and (how to use that data) to get the desired output.
A change agent is responsible for helping the organization do which of the following?
Overcome fear of the unknown
Reorganize departments
Determine performance criteria
Identify which group is responsible for the change
A change agent is a typical interchanged word used for the black belt. Change is difficult and ambiguous. The change agent helps to overcome the fear of the unknown in organizations.
A method that changes data without significantly reducing accuracy or precision is known as
Bias adjustment
Statistical efficiency
Blocking
Coding
Coding is a process of classifying and categorizing the qualitative and quantitative data for analysis. Coding process does not reduce the accuracy or precision.
Which of the following best describes a team that has members with different skills or roles from different areas within the organization?
Self-directed
Cross-functional
Parallel
Process
A cross-functional team is a group of people with different functional skill sets who work towards a common organizational objective.
In measurement system analysis, which of the following pairs of data measures is used to determine total variance?
Process variance and reproducibility
Noise system and repeatability
Measurement variance and process variance
System variance and bias
MSA is a tool to determine the amount of variation by the measurement system. (Measurement variance and process variance) tools are used to minimize the measurement system variation.
When the sampling method used creates a difference between the result obtained from the sample and the actual population value, the difference is known as
Correlation
Precision
Accuracy
Bias
In statistics, in sampling method, the difference between the result obtained from the sample and the actual population is termed as bias.
A team after investigating ways to reduce power outages determined that an outage can occur in only three ways: grid failure, local transformer failure or local overload. After a detailed investigation of these three events for possible causes, etc, they draw a diagram that "fans out" using the power outage as the handle of the fan. Which approach to problem solving best describe these improvements?
Affinity diagram
Inter-relationship digraph
Tree diagram
Process decision program chart
A tree diagram begins with a central problem and then branches to many items until the central problem is exhausted. The tree diagram helps the six sigma team to move from a general to specific in a systematic way.
When a random sample is selected from a population, the mean of the sample is not equal to the mean of the population. This is due to:
Type I error
Type II error
Sampling error
No exact measurements
A sampling error is caused by the difference between the sample used to estimate the population and the actual population. This error is caused by the observation of the sample instead of the whole population.
A technique for demonstrating the connection between customer needs and features on the product
Flow charts and process maps
Cause and effect diagrams
Pareto chart
Relationship matrix
A relationship matrix bridges the gap between what and how. This is a new business development matrix. This matrix helps to establish the relationship between the customer needs and the featuresonthe product.
SWOT is an acronym for
Statistics without optimum test
Strength weakness opportunity and threat
Sensory Weibull ordinal tools
Success wields optimal tea
A SWOT analysis is internal and external environment analysis of any organization. (Strengths and weakness) are internal analysis and (opportunities) are external environment analysis.
The quality leader responsible for the term Total Quality Management (TQM):
Ishikawa
Crosby
Feigenbaum
Taguchi
The concept of TQM was found in1920sapplied for product quality control. This concept was further improvised by Feigenbaum.
A quality leader associated with the concept of robustness is
Juran
Ishikawa
Crosby
Taguchi
Robust design method is also known as Taguchi method improves engineering productivity.
The causes in cause and effect diagram include
A cause and effect diagram is also known as fishbone diagram. The causes in manufacturing units are the Ms which are the (man, material, methods, machines), Mother Nature and measurements.
What is customer segmentation?
Dividing a particular customer into parts that are more easily understood
Grouping customers by one or more criteria
Maintaining secure customer listings to minimize communication among them
Eliminating or "cutting off" customers with poor credit history
Customer segmentation is a process of dividing the customer base into groups based on (some common criteria.)
The workers of a manufacturing unit wants to maintain cleanliness on a daily basis. Which approach is most apt?
5S
Poka yoke
Kaizen
PDCA
The 5S analysis represents the workplace organization for process improvement. The 5S are Sort, Straighten, Shine, Standardize, and Sustain.
Logistic regression is _________ when the observed outcome of dependent variable can have only two values such as 0 and 1 or success and failure
Ordinal
Binomial
Multinomial
None of the Above
When the data type of dependent variable can have 2 values only like Male/Female, Pass/Fail, Yes/No etc, it is called Binomial
There is no need of revision of control limits once calculated by the equations of control limits.
True
False
False, In the phase I, application of control charts, the limits calculated from equations are used as trial limits because it gives us an idea about the variation, both, inherent and natural. So with time the variation changes, to compensate this, limits must be revised after a certain time.
A frequency distribution of the possible number of successful outcomes in a given number of trials in each of which there is the same probability of success is called
Normal
Binomial
Weibull
Poisson
Binary data place things in one of two mutually exclusive categories: right/wrong, true/false, or accept/reject. When the data type is Binomial, it follows a Binomial distribution.
The "Sigma Level" of a process refers to:
A measure of how accurate the sample population is
A measure of how well a process is performing against a given requirement
A statistical tool used to help implement standards
A measure of alignment capacity accuracy
Sigma is a statistical term. It is the symbol of Standard Deviation. Standard Deviation is one of the absolute measures of dispersion or variation in data. (Sigma is a measure which uses the characteristic of past data to make judgments about how the process will perform) in the future.
P charts are based on the
Erlang distribution
Binomial distribution
Normal Distribution
None
The p-chart models "pass"/"fail"-type inspection only. Since, such data type can have only from 2 values, it is binomial.
Revised FMEA is prepared in Control Phase of Six Sigma
False
True
True. The goal is to reduce the highest RPN's [risk priority number], complete the easy actions regardless of RPN, and mitigate the most severe inputs regardless of RPN. Hence, the revised FMEA is prepared by the BB in the control phase of DMAIC.
An intended outcome of using SPC should be
Process implementation
Process capability
Process speed
Process stability
(process stability) Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a process improvement methodology to monitor, control, and continuously optimize a process.
If you can Poka-Yoke a defect out of the process entirely then you do not need use SPC on the characteristic of interest in the defect.
True
False
True
"A calculated time frame that matches customer demand" is a definition of what Lean Principles term?
Kaizen event
Kanban
Value Stream
Takt time
Takt Time
The recipient of the output of a process can be?
Upstream processes
Project head
Suppliers
Internal or external customers
Internal or external customers
In a Fishbone Diagram the 6M's stand for Methods, ____________, Machine, Man, Mother Nature and Materials.
Measurements
Management
Medical
Merger
Measurements
A concept that addresses the consistency of process workers is called ________?
Performance Drivers
Supervising
Standard Operating Procedures
Visual Factory
Standard Operating Procedures
Appropriate measures means that measurements are ______________.
Contextual
Relevant
Sufficient
Representative
All of these answers are correct
All of these answers are correct
What are two of the common measurements used in Lean Manufacturing?
Throughput and value added effort
What are all of the elements included in the monitoring plan portion of a control plan?
The measurement target and limits, who collects the measurement data, and how it is recorded
In addition to the parameter being plotted, what else is typically shown on a run chart?
The median of the parameter data set
If the process performance data is attribute data, how are the process capability indices determined?
The yield is calculated and that yield value is used with a look-up table to determine the process capability
Six Sigma is a business improvement discipline whose fundamental view is based on a _________ oriented approach of the business.
Profit
Performance
Process
Predatory
Performance
A two-sample T-test does which of the following?
Subtracts the mean of sample 1 from sample 2 and compares the difference to zero to determine if they are equal
Compares the medians to determine if sample 1 is statistically difference from sample 2
Compares the means to determine if sample 1 is statistically difference from sample 2
test of the difference between two population medians
Compares the means to determine if sample 1 is statistically difference from sample 2
Which tool is used to compare more than two sample proportions with each other?
Moods Median
Contingency Tables
Mann-Whitney
2 sample T-test
Contingency Tables
What are the 6Ms of production?
man, machine, material, method, mother nature and measurement
What is Kanban scheduling?
A pull-based scheduling system that relies on a step in the process sending a signal to a preceding step when it is ready for the next item
The Control Limits width varies if the sample size varies for which type of chart?
P Charts
NP Charts
Xbar-R Charts
Time Series Charts
P charts
What is the purpose of the X/Y matrix?
Prioritizing which process inputs and steps to analyze
In a series of linked processes and associated feedback loops the product or service flows _____ and the information flows _____.
rapidly, slower
downstream, upstream
evenly, digitally
sooner, later
downstream, upstream
Calculate the Rolled Throughput Yield of this process using this data. unit input: 1450, unit output: 1390, defects repaired: 320, scrap: 60
72.66
What are the 5S's?
sort, straighten, shine, standardize, sustain
An operator checks that all boxes being packed contain enough products to fill the box. However, each box getting filled has a different number of products in it. This is a Reproducibility problem, not a Repeatability problem.
True
False
False
The quality leader most associated with the concept of robustness:
Juran
Ishikawa
Taguchi
Feigenbaum
Taguchi
What statistical measure can be used when directly comparing values from dissimilar distribution?
The Z score
In the Analyze phase, one of the things you do is:
Define a process map.
Establish process capability.
Establish operating tolerances and pilot a solution.
Define performance standards.
Establish process capability.
A(n) ________________ has occurred when two inputs have a greater impact on a change in the output than either of the inputs has by itself.
Dependency
Bimodal reaction
Interaction
Amplified effect
Interaction
The quality leader responsible for the term Total Quality Management (TQM):
Juran
Ishikawa
Crosby
Feigenbaum
Feigenbaum
One of the methods of testing a Measurement System is to have at least two people take multiple readings from the same instrument and of the same sample set to judge the Repeatability and Reproducibly. This approach is called a ______________ study.
Correlation Analysis
Gage R and R
Bimodal
Dual Attribute
Gage R & R
A Full Factorial experiment using a 3 level 3 factor approach has been proposed to test the viability of an extrusion machine experiment. How many treatment combinations will this approach involve?
6
9
27
54
27
A well written problem statement contains all of the following except?
Goal
Gap
COPQ
Baseline
Timeline Reference
Complete Project Plan
Complete Project Plan
A quality leader who did extensive work with Japanese industry is:
Juran
Ishikawa
Deming
all of the above
all of the above
What does the Taguchi Loss Function indicate?
System losses due to process variation
Handling of warranty returns, process improvement team meetings and rework to meet customer expectations are all examples of business costs that are classified as ___________ .
Nuisance
Non-value Add
Necessary
Unavoidable
Non-value Add
The Lean toolbox includes all of these items except ________________.
Mistake Proofing
Visual Factory
Design of Experiments
Inventory Management
Design of Experiments
How is process roll throughput yield calculated?
The product of all of the process step first-pass yield values
What is shown on a Value Stream Map time ladder?
The time ladder shows the value-added time and the non-value added time for each step in the Value Stream Map
The validity of the decision made with Hypothesis Testing is dependent upon all of these except ___________________.
Beta risk
Alpha risk
Range of data
Sample size
Range of Data
Which of these is a reason for testing during the Improve stage of a Lean Six Sigma project?
Verify the solution does not create new harms or hazards
As a means of measuring the effects on other areas of a process as a result of changes in the primary metric we also define and track ________________.
Parallel process metrics
Secondary metrics
Tertiary metrics
Industry standards
Secondary metrics
Assessing process proportion as opposed to evaluating a process with respect to a set target can be done using which of these?
Process proportion equals some value range
Process proportion equals some desired value
Target is current
Proportion of the tail is equal
Process proportion equals some desired value
If in an experiment all possible variable pairs sum to zero the design is Orthogonal.
True
False
True
A kurtosis of -1,2754 indicates?
Leptokurtic (peaked with long tails)
Kanban Model
Platykurtic (flat with a short tail)
Multi-modal (more than one distribution)
Platykurtic (flat with a short tail)
Which of these is not a primary cause for Non-normal Data?
Kurtosis
Mixed Distributions
Skewness
Granularity
Formulosis
Formulosis
What is a critical take-away that is determined in the Measure stage?
Problem statement
Which Lean Six Sigma analytical tool should be used when implementing a multi-functional solution?
There is no Lean Six Sigma analytical tool for this situation - it requires effective project management
One of the foundations of Lean Six Sigma is the concept that the output of a process (Y) is influenced by the process inputs (X's) and is commonly shown as which formula?
Y=f(Xn)
When a Belt properly analyzes the results of an experiment he must examine the Residuals in expectation of finding all of the following except _________.
Some Residuals higher than others
Residuals will represent a Linear Regression
All Residuals within 2 Standard Deviations of the Mean
Some Residuals lower than others
Residuals will represent a Linear Regression
What are two of the common measurements used in Six Sigma?
DPMO (defects per million opportunities) and process sigma
A ___________ problem in the Measurement System suggests that there is a lack of consistency in the measurement over time.
Linearity
Bias
Stability
Magnitude
Stability
A 2 Sample t-test has several assumptions, which of the following is one of those key assumptions?
Variances are unequal
Data is non-normally distributed
The underlying distribution is binomial
The variables are independent
Data is non-normally distributed
Two of the key deliverables for the Measure Phase are a robust description of the process and its flow and an assessment of the Management System.
True
False
False
The method of Steepest Ascent guides you toward a target inside the original inference space.
True
False
False
A Belt working in a supply chain environment has to make a decision to change suppliers of critical raw materials for a new product upgrade. The purchasing manager is depending on the Belt's effort requiring that the average cost of an internal critical raw material component be less than or equal to $3,600 in order to stay within budget. Using a sample of 42 first article components, a Mean of the new product upgrade price of $3,200 and a Standard Deviation of $180 was estimated. Based on the data provided, the Z value for the data assuming a Normal Distribution is?
2.22
Each of the items listed would impact the Process Capability for a process with a continuous output except ___________________.
Shape of process data distribution (e.g. Normal Distribution)
Process Technology
Process Standard Deviation
Seasonal variation in process
Process Technology
__________ is how consistent measurements deliver the same values under the same circumstances?
Non Bias
Precision
Reproducability
Distribution
Precision
What does Kaizen mean?
Continuous improvement
When describing process steps for a process map, what attribute of the steps do you want to ensure is included?
The action that occurs
A 2 Sample t-test has several assumptions, which of the following is one of those key assumptions?
The underlying distribution is binomial
Variances are unequal
Data is non-normally distributed
The variables are independent
The variables are independent
What is the major difference between the Cp and the Cpk process capability indices?
Cp is the index for the best-case process performance and Cpk is the index of the current process performance
A Belt working in a supply chain environment has to make a decision to change suppliers of critical raw materials for a new product upgrade.
The purchasing manager is depending on the Belt's effort requiring that the average cost of an internal critical raw material component be less than or equal to $4,200 in order to stay within budget.
Using a sample of 35 first article components, a Mean of the new product upgrade price of $4,060, and a Standard Deviation of $98 was estimated.
Select the answer that best states the Practical Problem.

If the average cost per component is $4,200 or less, then the purchase manager will introduce the new product upgrade with new components.

If the average cost per new product upgrade is less than $180, then the purchase manager will introduce the new product upgrade with new components.

Only if the average cost per product upgrade is $4,060, will the purchase manager introduce new product upgrades with new components.

If the average cost per component is greater than $4,200, then the purchase manager will introduce the new product upgrade with new components.
Only if the average cost per product upgrade is $4,060, will the purchase manager introduce new product upgrades with new components.
For a process having an average throughput of 7,200 units per hour, what is the average Cycle Time per unit in seconds?
.5
Seconds/units
Ignore
Part characteristics, counters, checklists
Select which of the following that are collective elements of a great control plan.
HR Accounting
Standard Operating Procedures
Business Plans
Communication Plans
Training Plans
Standard Operating Procedures
Communication Plans
Training Plans
What is the goal of experimental design approaches?
To understand how the manipulation of the inputs to a product or process affects the performance of the outputs
Which visual analysis chart is very good for illustrating which parameter or parameter state is most significant?
Vertical bar chart
A well written problem statement contains all of the following except?
Complete Project Plan
Timeline Reference
Goal
Gap
COPQ
Baseline
Complete Project Plan
Under what conditions would setup time for equipment used in a Lean value stream process be treated as value-added time?
Setup time is never value-added because it is not processing items for customer
Which Element of Waste best describes "the unnecessary movement of materials and goods"?
Overprocessing
Inventory
Motion
Conveyance
Conveyance
What ate the deliverables for the Define phase?
Project Charter, voice of customer in form of CTQs, high-level process definition, key project metrics
What ate the deliverables for the Measure phase?
As-is process map, cause and effect diagram, process data, MSA results, process capability.
What ate the deliverables for the Analyze phase?
Root cause analysis with supporting statistical analysis
What ate the deliverables for the Improve phase?
Solutions for the root cause(s) with To-Be process map and supporting statistical analysis to show the solution is effective.
What ate the deliverables for the Control phase?
Implementation of the solution, establishment of a control plan to maintain the improved state.
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