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Pharm Exam 3 Course Point

Terms in this set (29)

An immunocompromised patient in a critical care setting has developed a respiratory infection that has been attributed to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The nurse should anticipate that the patient will require treatment with
Vancomycin
The nursing instructor and her students are discussing ways to prevent the spread of infection. Which of the following measures should the instructor identify as the most important?
Rigorously and consistently applying recommended precautions
Culture and susceptibility tests are performed prior to the prescription of antimicrobial drugs. What is the specific purpose of the culture test?
Identifies the organism causing the infection
A client with an inflammatory disease has been prescribed indomethacin. The nurse is aware of the risk for drug-induced nephrotoxicity and should prioritize what intervention?
Encouraging the client to increase fluid intake
A client with acne has been receiving an anti-infective agent for a prolonged period. Initially, the drug was effective, but over time its effectiveness as decreased. What is the nurse's best action?
Refer the client to the health care provider because the client may be experiencing resistance.
When preparing a teaching plan for a group of students about the ways organisms develop resistance to anti-infective therapy, what point should the instructor make? (Select all that apply.)
-The organism alters the binding sites on the membranes.

-The organism alters the transport system to prevent the drug from entering.

-The organism produces an enzyme that acts as an antagonist to the drug.
The nurse caring for a 24-year-old woman admitted with pneumonia explains how antibiotics work to help cure her pneumonia. Which statement would be correct about how antibiotic therapy works?
Antibiotics work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis.
You are speaking to a group of clients in a public meeting. They ask you to explain the difference between community-acquired infections and nosocomial infections. Your best response is:
Usually, community-acquired infections are less severe and easier to treat. Nosocomial infections may be more severe and difficult to manage because they often result from drug-resistant microorganisms and occur in people whose immunity is impaired.
A client is to undergo extensive dental surgery. The dentist prescribes a course of antibiotics before beginning the procedure and continuing for 5 days after the procedure. This is an example of:
prophylaxis.
A client has been prescribed an aminoglycoside. In order to prevent accumulation of the drug, what should the nurse encourage the client to do?
Increase fluid intake.
The pharmacology instructor is discussing ways to decrease the incidence and severity of adverse effects among children taking anti-infective agents. What would the instructor mention is one way to do this in children?
Keep clients well hydrated.
The nurse is providing health education to a client with an infection who lives in the community. What characteristic of the client's anti-infective regimen will best prevent the development of resistant strains of microbes?
ensuring that the duration of drug use is appropriate
What is a major factor that influences whether an individual will acquire an infection?
The person's ability to defend against invading microorganisms
A client asks a nurse why the health care provider has prescribed two anti-infective agents. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
"Your infection, like many infections, is caused by more than one organism."
Which of the following is a serious risk involved in the use of NSAIDs?
Cardiovascular thrombosis
Mr. Conn, age 65, is taking probenecid for treatment of chronic gouty arthritis. When providing patient and family education, what should a nurse advise the patient to do if he misses a dose and it is almost time for the next dose?
Advise the patient to take only the second dose and ignore the missed dose.
A male client's health care provider orders aspirin 81 mg PO each day as a treatment related to his recent myocardial infarction. The client asks the nurse if he can take acetaminophen instead. What is the nurse's best response?
"Acetaminophen is an effective aspirin substitute for pain or fever but not for prevention of heart attack or stroke."
An 11-year-old client is having a cavity filled in the left mandibular first molar. The health care provider has prescribed aspirin for pain relief after the procedure. The nurse discovers upon assessment that the child is suffering from a flulike illness. The nurse contacts the health care provider about the prescribed medication for pain. What is the risk if aspirin is administered to this client?
Reye syndrome
A client with rheumatic disease is being prescribed salicylate therapy. The nurse should teach the client monitor himself or herself for which adverse effects?
ringing in the ears
Aspirin is not recommended for use in children. This is due to its association with which condition?
Reye's syndrome.
A 65-year-old man who just had a heart attack is placed on aspirin, 81 mg daily. The nurse is explaining the purpose of this medication to the client and his wife. What would be the nurses best explanation?
The aspirin is being prescribed because it reduces your risk of a second heart attack.
A female client with acute joint inflammation asks the nurse why she shouldn't use acetaminophen for her condition. What would be the nurse's best response to this client?
"The drug has no effect on inflammation."
A nurse should recognize clients that have contraindications to the use of NSAIDs. In which of the following clients would the use of an NSAID be contraindicated? Select all that apply:
A female client who is lactating.

A female client with a hypersensitivity to aspirin.

A female client in the third trimester of pregnancy.
A parent has sought care from the nurse practitioner to treat a child's fever. The nurse practitioner is most likely to recommend what nonsalicylate drug?
Acetaminophen
Which client is at highest risk for developing hepatotoxicity related to the use of acetaminophen?
A male 30 years of age who drinks four beers per day
The client with chronic gout asks how he can reduce the uric levels in his body when he begins to self-administer colchicine. What would be the nurse's response?
"Drink 2 to 3 quarts of fluid daily; this will decrease uric acid levels and help prevent formation of uric acid kidney stones."
An older adult woman has been experiencing significant joint pain and has informed her primary care provider that she has begun taking aspirin two to three times each day. What aspect of this patient's medical history may contraindicate the use of aspirin?
The patient has a history of peptic ulcer disease.
A 60-year-old man has told the nurse that he has been treating his joint pain with regular doses of ibuprofen. In order to ascertain the man's risks of experiencing adverse effects, the nurse should assess the patient's
alcohol intake.
A client has just returned from x-ray after reporting pain in her joints. The x-rays indicate damage of the joint spaces. This is indicative of which disease process?
Osteoarthritis
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