Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

COMM 104 Exam 2

Terms in this set (67)

sophists
I have the power to manipulate message
plato
find truth! don't manipulate
aristotle
persuade ethically. rhetoric is creative
cicero
how can you make a good speech
rhetoric
ability to speak well and persuade audiences
public sphere
common place where information is exchanged
indirect effect
how the public nature changes what we talk about and how we talk about it
address
relationship between the speaker and the audience
forensic
past; elicit guilt or innocence. roots; court
epideictic
present; praise, blame instill value. roots; ceremonies
deliberative
future; persuade to act. roots; legislature
invention
evidence, arguments, proof
arrangement
organizing proof, evidence, arguments
style
particular <language> or words to drive point
memory
recalling information
delivery
physically and vocally presenting
fact
a claim that something is true or false which then be verified
value
something is good/bad, right/wrong. which can not be objectively verified
policy
something deals with "what" should be done
audience analysis
researching who is listening and crafting your message to them
demographics
occupations, socioeconomic, age, religion, education, ethnicity, and gender
psychographic
the study and classification of people according to their attitudes, aspirations, and other psychological criteria.
values
measure of worth
beliefs
statements that are true/false
attitudes
approval or disapproval
needs
physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization
context
specific time, context, and or place all of which can affect the way the text communicates
kairos
there is a right time to deliver a message, there is a time and place for everything
logos
proof, logic, argument, and evidence
argument
claim, data, assumptions (reasoning)
claim: proposition of fact, value, or policy
> backed uy data
>> data backed by reasoning (explanation of how the data backs up the claim)
deductive reasoning
theory, hypothesis, pattern, observation
indicative reasoning
observation, pattern, hypothesis, theory
logical strength and deductive validity
does each element line up coherently
relevance
other explanations for the relationship between the claim and reasons
non-circularity
do the reasons just repeat the claim
affirming the antecedent
if a (causes) than b (result)
a (causes)
therefore b (result)
denying the consequent
if a (causes) then b (result)
not b (result)
there not a
disjunctive system
either a or b
not a
therefore b
applying a generalization
every member of f is a member of g
individual cause x is a member of f
therefore x is a member of g
applying an exception
every member of f is a member of g
individual cause x is a not a member of f
therefore x is not a member of g
transitivity
if x=y, and y=z, then x=z
reflexivity
if x=y, then y=x
appeals to ignorance
person mistakenly believes something to be true that is not, since they do not know enough about the topic.
appeals to mob
since other people are doing it, to think it is correct so it is okay
appeals to emotion
reliance on an emotional response as the. best guide for forming judgement, w/out using logical means
adhominem attack
personally attacking an individual rather than their ideas (verbal aggression instead of argumentative)
straw man fallacy
distorting the oppositions argument or attacking an argument they did not make
playing with words
exploits problematic vagueness, ambiguity, stereotyping, and slanted language
misuse of authority
believe a claim because a powerful or respected person says so
examples
illustrates ideas experiences conditions
statistics
numerical data to prove a point
testimonials
quotations or paraphrases from someone who is expert on a topic
clarity
is the source easy to understand
accuracy
doe the evidence match up
relevance
does it support the argument? is it recent?
precision
is it straight and to the point
depth
how extensive is the information
breadth
how much information does it cover
logic
contains fallacies? weak reasoning?;
fairness
egocentric? biased?
sample population
was the correct group sampled
data collection methods
how were the facts obtained? if it a valid way?
# of cases
enough cases to prove a point
representation
enough diversity in the sample
coincidences
2 or more random events occurring together by chance (random)
correlations
2 or more events occur together, but neither causes the other
causes
2 or more events occur together and one causes the other.
Other sets by this creator