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Abnormal Psychology - Chapter 10

Terms in this set (33)

1. The diagnosis of a substance use disorder requires both tolerance and withdrawal.
2. Research suggests that nicotine can enhance the rewarding properties of alcohol.
3. Even moderate drinking by pregnant women can cause learning and attention problems in their children.
1. F;
2. T;
3. T;
4. List three types of cancer that are caused by smoking.
5. Marijuana can have _________ effects on learning and memory; it is less clear if there are _________ effects.
6. List three of the therapeutic benefits of marijuana.
7. Describe two similarities and two differences between e-cigarettes and cigarettes.
4. lung, larynx, esophagus, pancreas, bladder, cervix, stomach; 5. short-term, long-term; 6. pain relief, reduction of nausea, increased appetite, relief from the discomfort from AIDS; 7. similarities: contain nicotine; regulated by the FDA; differences: more carcinogens in cigarettes; aerosol products are in vape pipes.
1. Withdrawal from heroin begins slowly, days after use has been discontinued.
2. The use of OxyContin began in urban areas but quickly spread to rural areas.
3. Methamphetamine is a less potent form of amphetamine and so is less likely to be associated with brain impairment.
4. Ecstasy contains compounds associated with hallucinogens and amphetamines.
l. F; 2. F; 3. F; 4. T
1. Which of the following is not one of the sociocultural factors implicated in the etiology of substance use disorders?
a. the media
b. gender
c. availability of a substance
d. social networks
b. gender
2. Which of the following statements best captures the link between wanting, liking, and drinking according to a large prospective study?
a. Wanting, but not liking, predicted more drinking among heavy drinkers.
b. Wanting predicted more drinking for heavy drinkers; liking predicted more drinking for light drinkers.
c. Wanting and liking predicted more drinking among heavy drinkers.
d. Sedation predicted less drinking for all types of drinking.
c. Wanting and liking predicted more drinking among heavy drinkers.
3. Genetic research on substance dependence indicates that:
a. Genetic factors may be the same for many drugs.
b. Additional studies need to be done to determine heritability.
c. The dopamine receptor DRD1 may be faulty.
d. Twin studies show that the environment is just as important as genes.
a. Genetic factors may be the same for many drugs.
1. Suboxone
2. AA
3. couples therapy
4. opiate antagonist
5. antidepressant
6. patch
7. Matrix


Substance
a. alcohol
b. heroin
c. cocaine
d. nicotine
e. methamphetamine
1. b;
2. a;
3. a;
4. b;
5. a, c, d;
6. d;
7. e
DSM-5 Criteria for Substance Use Disorder
Problematic pattern of use that impairs functioning. Two or more symptoms within a 1-year period:
-Failure to meet obligations
-Repeated use in situations where it is physically dangerous
-Repeated relationship problems
-Continued use despite problems caused by the substance
-Tolerance
-Withdrawal
-Substance taken for a longer time or in greater amounts than intended
-Efforts to reduce or control use do not work
-Much time spent trying to obtain the substance
-Social, hobbies, or work activities given up or reduced
-Craving to use the substance is strong
delirium tremens (DTs).
One of the withdrawal symptoms that sometimes occurs when a period of heavy alcohol consumption is terminated; marked by fever, sweating, trembling, cognitive impairment, and hallucinations.
Substance Abuse Severity (by amount of DSM-5 Symptoms)
2-3 symptoms: mild
4-5 symptoms: moderate
6+ symptoms: severe
Short-Term Effects of Alchohol
ingested into stomach, small intestine, absorbed into the bloodstream where the heart distributes all over the body including the brain and the lungs.
-avg. person metabolizes about 7-10 g/hour.
-nervous system depressant
Brain:
--increase social ambition, self-confidence, sociability
--at high levels, undermines ability to learn, make judgements, self-control, and coordinate motor actions.
1 Drink equals...
A 12-ounce glass of beer, a 5-ounce glass of wine, and 1.5 ounces of "hard liquor" (like a shot of tequila) are all considered one drink.
Long-term effects of alchohol
-Less gray matter in the brain (brain shrunk)
- Older alcoholics: have way less gray matter in their prefrontal cortex than younger alcoholics.
-larger ventricles in corpus callosum
-Fetal Alchohol Syndrome in pregnant women.
Blackouts
time when intoxicated person cannot recall key details of an event.
--often are fragmented not en blac (total blackout, no memory recollection)
--consumed usually 11.5 drinks before blackout (usually with just liquor or liquor and beer)
Inpatient Hospital treatment for alchohol abuse disorder
Detox: Withdrawal from substances, including alcohol, can be difficult, both physically and psychologically. Although detox does not have to occur in a hospital, it can be less unpleasant in such a supervised setting.
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