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23: respiratory system

Terms in this set (47)

pathway
nose-> pharynx-> laryngopharynx...larynx-> trachea (carina: where trachea dives into L & R bronchi)-> extra pulmonary bronchi (L and R bronchi are: primary bronchi)-> secondary bronchi (lobar bronchi: that go into each 3 lobes of R lung or each 2 lobes of L lung)-> tertiary bronchi (segmental bronchi: go into each segment inside each lobe of the 2 lungs)-> 17-22 divisions until finally into-> bronchioles are first-> then terminal bronchiole-> respiratory bronchiole (the last & the smallest bronchiole)-> alveolar ducts-> alveolar sacs-> alveolus
Upper respiratory tract
nose, pharynx; the rest is lower respiratory tract
conducting zone
the nose to terminal bronchioles. it is for sending air in and out
respiratory zone
respiratory bronchiole to aveolus. it is for gas exchange (mostly in the aveolus)
basic unit of structure of the lung
alveolus (pleural = alveoli)
R lung has 3 lobes and L lung has 2 lobes because of fissures
Oblique fissure (or major fissure) separates inferior lobe of either lung form the remainder.
R lung: separates the inferior from superior and middle lobe
L lung: no middle lobe

Horizontal/transverse fissure separates middle lobe from superior lobe of R lung
primary right bronchus is more vertical with steeper angle than L bronchus
so foreign objects go into R lung more easily and cause suffocation until it exits by severe coughing
pharynx is important because
it is shared between digestive and respiratory tract
3 regions of the pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
nasopharynx contains
pharyngeal tonsils =( adenoids= nasopharyngeal tonsil) and the opening of the palatine
palatine
faucial tonsils are a pair in the L and R side that physicians look at sore throat.
nasopharynx is separated from the oropharynx by
the hard and soft palate
the oropharynx contains
2 palatine tonsils and small lingual tonsil
alveoli
grapes clusters.
In emphysema (caused by smoking): eleastic flexible inter-alveolar walls between alveoli is disrupted. compliance of lungs is decreased (= low compliance means lungs and chest wall cannot easily expand)
pneumonia
lung infection. other cause of decreased lung compliance.
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