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Patient Care Unit 3

Terms in this set (77)

The body's "steady state" maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival
Patient homeostasis
Patient homeostasis can be monitored by
Physiologic feedback loops
The body's feedback loops are predemoninantly ________
Negative loops
5 Mechanisms for homeostasis
Heartbeat, blood pressure, body temperature, respiratory rate, electrolyte balance
5 routes for body temperature
Oral, axillary, tympanic, temporal, rectal
What is the most accurate route of body temperature?
Rectal
Primary mechanisms that measure directly the body's physiologic condition
Vital signs
Types of vital signs
Body temperature, pulse rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, mental state
Normal temperature range
97.7-99.5 degrees F
Adult respiration range
12-20 breaths per minute
Child respiratory range
20-30 breaths per minute
Adult pulse range
60-100 BPM
Child pulse range
70-120 BPM
Blood pressure systolic range
<120 mm Hg
Blood pressure diastolic range
<80 mm Hg
Average temperature
98.6 degrees F
Measurement of the degree of heat of the deep tissues in the human body
Body temperature
Term used to describe the body's maintenance of heat production and loss
Thermoregulation
What plays a role in preservation of heat (shivering) and regulation of heat loss (sweating)?
Hypothalamus
Patient with a fever
Febrile
Changes with body temperature outside of normal range
Metabolic rate
Temperature below normal 97.7 degrees F
Hypothermia
Oral temperature higher than 99.5 degrees F
Hyperthermia
Assessment of heart as reflected in arterial walls throughout the body
Pulse
Cardiovascular system is a ______ loop system of vessels
Closed
Stethoscope over heart (apical heartbeat)
Auscultation
Ongoing assessment of hemoglobin O2 saturation of arterial blood AND pulse rate
Pulse oximeter
Common sites of pulse
Radial, brachial, carotid
When taking a pulse, count rate for _____ min
1
When doing an electrocardiogram, the white lead is for the
Right arm (right)
When doing an electrocardiogram, the black lead is for the
Left arm (smoke)
When doing an electrocardiogram, the red lead is for the
Left leg (fire)
When doing an electrocardiogram, the green lead is for the
Right leg (ground)
When doing an electrocardiogram, the brown lead is for the
Ventral (center)
Heart rate greater than 100 BPM (high heart rate)
Tachycardia
Decrease in heart rate (low heart rate)
Bradycardia
The exchange of gases in the lungs and is physiologically a result of differences in pressures inside and outside the lungs
Respiration
During inspiration the diaphragm moves _____
Down
Expiration occurs when lung pressure is ______ than outside pressure
Greater
Amount of air exchanged under normal conditions
Tidal volume
Respiration is measured in
Breaths per minute
When assessing respiration, measure the.....
Rate, depth, pattern, and effort of respiration
Newborn respiration range
30-60 breaths per minute
When respiration rate is greater than 20 breaths per minute
Tachypnea
Decrease in respiration rate
Bradypnea
Difficulty breathing
Dyspnea
Difficult breathing unless sitting or standing erect
Orthopnea
Absence of spontaneous ventillation
Apnea
Measurement of the force exerted on the walls of arteries during cardiac contraction and relaxation
Blood pressure measurement
Blood pressure measurement requires 2 pieces of equipment
Stethoscope, sphygmomanometer
Caused by pressure no longer exceeding internal pressure (contracting)
Systolic pressure
Occurs when sound of blood flowing through arm can no longer be heard (relaxing)
Diastolic pressure
Blood pressure is measured in _______
Millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
Blood pressure less than 95/60 mm Hg
Hypotension
Blood pressure more than 140/90 mm Hg
Hypertension
Often referred to as a "silent killer"
Hypertension
_____ is a drug
Oxygen
Oxygen makes up about _____% of atmospheric gas
21
The oxygen flowmeter is _____ in color
Green
Oxygen delivery devices
Nasal cannula, masks, tents and oxyhood, ventillators
Types of oxygen masks
Aerosol masks, nonrebreathing masks
Chest tubes and lines
Endotracheal (ET) tubes, chest tubes (thoracostomy), central venous pressure (CVP) lines
Also known as chest tubes or intrapleural tubes
Thoracostomy tubes
The thoracostomy tube is commonly inserted in the......
5th-6th intercostal space
Central venous pressure lines are a catheter that is inserted into a _____. Most commonly the _______
Large vein, subclavian vein
CVP lines are mainly used for....
Chemotherapy and parenteral nutrition
The first CVP line was developed by
Broviac
Later the CVP lines were developed by
Hickman
Port-A-Cath
Chemotherapy
PICC
Peripherally inserted central catheter
A pulmonary arterial (PA) catheter is also known as
Swan-Ganz catheters
Assessment of the heart's ability to perform its vital function
Electrocardiography
ECG
Electrocardiograph
Profuse sweating
Diaphoresis
Pertaining to dilation, or a period of relaxation of the heart, especially of the ventricles
Diastolic
Decreased oxygen concentration in the blood
Hypoxia
Insertion of a tubular device into a canal, hollow organ, or cavity
Intubation
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