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First Aid: Wound Management AVS 2040

Terms in this set (26)

Types of wounds
- abrasion
- laceration
- incision
- puncture
- contusions
Abrasions
- skin not fully penetrated
- "rubs" - can still be painful
Treatment of abrasions
- minimal
- hydrotherapy
- topical ointments
Lacerations
- rough, jagged edges "torn"
Can lacerations be sutured?
- if cleaned thoroughly, must be very recent, and depends on the location
treatment of lacerations
- keeping wound clean with antiseptics
- topical ointments
- hydrotherapy
Incisions
- clean, straight edges
Can incisions be sutured?
- best type of sutures if noticed quickly
Treatment of incisions
- disinfection
- sutures
Punctures
- ALWAYS CALL THE VETERINARIAN
- often difficult to assess how deep
- must heal from inside out -> abscess
Treatment of punctures
- assessment of severity based on depth and location
- clip surrounding area
- flushing with antiseptic daily
- systemic antibiotics
- antibiotic ointment/cream -> keep outside moist to prevent scabbing
Contusions
- blunt trauma (kick, fall, etc.)
- skin not broken, but muscles, blood vessels, soft tissue damaged
- can form a hematoma
Treatment of contusions
- hydrotherapy
- anti-inflammatories
- drainage (if hematoma forms)
Proud flesh
- typically forms in areas where skin is stretched due to movement
- granulated tissues that forms, rather than skin closing together
- newly formed skin can't close over wound
Treatment of proud flesh
- topical steroid
- drying agents (scarlett oil, wonderdust)
- trimming
Prevention of proud flesh
- suture, if possible. If not, pressure bandage
- keep clean and dry
- prohibit movement
Purpose of wrapping
- stop bleeding, prevent proud flesh
- prevent contamination
- immobilize/stabilize
- reduce or prevent swelling
Tips of wrapping
- always wrap front to back, outside to inside
- tight enough to stay on, loose enough to allow circulation
- do not start or finish over joints
- wrap at least 2" wide
- always have padding (lays flat, no wrinkles)
- non-stick dressing over wounds
- no bandage is better than a poorly executed bandage
Hoof abscess treatment
- soak hoof in warm water with epsom salt for 15 minutes twice per day until ruptured
- pack sole with a poultice or drawing salve, wrap a diaper or other absorbent material around sole, then vet wrap and/or duct tape
- be sure that the wrap is not too tight around coronet band or pastern
- once ruptured, flush out with dilute betadine solution
Rain rot
- bacterial disease resulting from excess moisture on the skin
- characterized by small, crusty lesions
- can be very painful
- spreadable
- treat with antimicrobial shampoos, powders, or sprays
"Scratches" aka "Mud Fever" aka "Pastern Dermatitis" aka "Dew Poisoning"
- generally a problem when environmental conditions are
- thick, painful scabs on heel, pastern, fetlock, or cannon bones
- white-legs seem more susceptible
- can be bacterial, fungal, or parasitic
- no sure-fire treatment for every case/horse
Treatment of "Scratches"
- clip the area, wash daily with antimicrobial shampoo, gently dry, and apply antibacterial/antifungal ointment
- ointment with steroid may be needed
- severe cases may need systemic antibiotics and/or steroids
- DO NOT PICK SCABS
Prevention of "Scratches"
- wash legs with antimicrobial shampoo
- do not turn out on wet/dewy grass
First Aid Kit Essentials
- vet wrap
- non-stick gauze pads
- cotton gauze roll
- cotton pad roll
- scissors
- duct tape
- small syringes (1 mL)
- antimicrobial solution (chlorhexidine, betadine, etc.)
- antibiotic ointment
- soothing ointment
- proud flesh ointment/spray
- anti-fungal sprays/ointments
- epsom salt
How cold does the water need to be for hydrotherapy to be effective?
20 degrees lower than the temp outside for hosing
How long can you keep wraps on?
no more than 12 hours unless under certain circumstances
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