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BIO 278 Exam 2

Terms in this set (12)

For years you have had a pet box turtle named Bob that roamed freely in your yard. And for years, Bob has gone into hibernation every October. Curious about the environmental cues that govern this behavior, you decide to keep Bob in the spare bedroom with the windows sealed against light, the temperature kept constant, and the lights on all day every day. Bob gets plenty of food and seems happy enough. He moves around and grows during the summer, explores the artificial pond and various hiding places you provide him, and the first year of your experiment, he goes into hibernation in October and rouses in May. But the second year, he's a bit off and starts hibernating in September, awakening in April. The third year he starts in August and awakens in March, From this information what is reasonable to conclude?
A. Bob has a circannual rhythm of 11 months if unentrained
B. During his years in your yard, his biological rhythm was entrained by the cooler temperatures of late summer
C. Turtles use light cues to determine when to go into hibernation
D. All of the above
E. A and B
F. B and C
Although spring arrives in March, the exact time that the weather warms up can vary year to year even in the same location. Researchers noticed that Carolina anoles changed their breeding behavior in the same way. Mating pairs were observed a few weeks after warm temperatures arrived. Based on lecture, which of the following are part of the explanation for this system
A. Warm temperatures are an entrainment cue, allowing males and females to synchronize breeding at the same time
B. male testes regrow in response to warm temperatures so they are not ready to breed until after temperatures warm up
C. Female ovaries regrow in response to pheromones produced by mature males so the females become ready to make eggs once sexually-ready males are present
D. all of the above
E. both b and c
F. none of the above
Baby hopping geese from Planet X show imprinted 'following' behavior in response to hopping objects like a mother hopping goose, wind-up toys, and cottontail rabbits. You find the response is even stronger when the whistling sound of the mother goose is also played. From this we can conclude that
A. hopping geese require movement and sound for imprinting
B. Hopping geese have a preference for their own-species sounds
C. Hopping geese learn the sounds of the mother while in the egg
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
There has been a huge transporter mistake at the Intergalactic Neurobiology Laboratory and your SCN has been dematerialized from your brain and somehow placed into the brain of a person from Planet Nocturne. In the meantime, the Nocturnian's SCN has been placed into your brain. Nocturnians are active in darkness and sleep all day. You were a more typical Earth person, active in daylight and sleeping in darkness. After the unintended transplant, you find yourself being active in darkness and sleeping all day, while the Nocturnian has a free-running circadian rhythm. Which of these could be true of this situation?
A. The Nocturnian SCN in your head is entrained to the day-night cycle, but in a Nocturnian way
B. The Earth-person SCN in the Nocturnian's head lacks proper neural input from the sensory system
C. The Earth-person SCN in the Nocturnian's head has a normal rhythm but it is unentrained
D. The Nocturnian SCN in your head is not sending proper signals to the rest of the body so your behavior is arrhythmic
E. All of the above
F. All except B
G. All except D
In an experiment, a mouse lemur is challenged under various circumstances to identify which of two cups contains a mealworm. Based on lecture, which of these circumstances would give the lemur the highest chance of success?
A. When the mealworm could be seen and heard
B. When the mealworm could be seen and smelled
C. When the mealworm could be heard and smelled
D. All of the above are equally good
E. A and B are equally good and better than C
Flora, Fauna, and Merryweather Flounder want to hide from sharks. Flora builds a water pump that sends water past where she buries herself in the sand and so her scent is washed to a different location. Fauna builds an underground box made of agar and crawls inside to shield herself from the shark. Merryweather builds an underground house out of plastic and seals herself into it. Which flounder is likely to survive longest?
A. Flora and Fauna are equally good
B. Merryweather
C. All are equally good
D. Flora and Merryweather are equally good
E. Flora
F. Fauna
In the experiment from lecture on cryptic coloration of crabs, it was found that crabs seemed to take into account the risk of predation when choosing a background to rest on. This was demonstrated by which result?
A. All crabs chose to rest on tiles with a shell-hash pattern (which they were cryptic on), rather than on white tiles
B. Larger crabs spent equal time on white tiles and shell-hash tiles, except when the smell of predators was added to their tank
C. Small crabs are too small for predators to bother with so they don't have a preference for either color of tile
D. B and C are both correct
Which of the statements below offer key evidence that great kiskadees have an innate avoidance of poisonous coral snakes?
A. Great kiskadees feed on snakes so they must avoid poisonous ones
B. When wild-caught kiskadees were allowed to feed on coral snakes, the kiskadees threw up because of the venomous nature of the snakes and then avoided coral snakes
C. When hand-raised kiskadees were presented with snakelike wooden dowels painted to look like coral snakes, the kiskadees tended to avoid the dowels. If, however, the dowels were painted with white and green rings, the kiskadees pecked at them as if the dowels might be food
D. Each of the above demonstrate innate avoidance
E. B and C both
The optimal diet model
A. can demonstrate how long an animal should remain in a particular food patch
B. assumes that animals want to consume as many calories as possible no matter what
C. relies on determining the profitability of food choices in terms of energy value, handling time and search time
D. all of the above
E. B and C
In experiments demonstrating that hatchling loggerhead turtles have a magnetic compass
A. Researchers exposed hatchlings to a normal magnetic field and one with a 180-degree inclination angle
B. The turtles as a group swam in a magnetic direction that corresponded to where they had previously seen a light before being tested in darkness
C. The turtles used the magnetic field to determine their location relative to the North Atlantic gyre
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
When released into the ocean for the first time, hatchling turtles swam east in three different experiments in which waves came from the east. This finding indicates
A. Turtles use waves to pick a swimming direction
B. Turtles used the magnetic field to determine the direction of wave approach
C. Turtles have a sun compass that allows them to go east in the ocean
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
Sea turtle hatchlings exposed to an inclination angle of 60 degrees (at the north edge of the gyre system) and swam south. When exposed to an inclination angle of 30 degrees (at the south edge of the gyre system) they swam north. No other magnetic parameter was altered. These findings by themselves indicate
A. Sea turtles can detect differences in magnetic inclination angle
B. Sea turtles can use inclination angle and intensity as much as humans use latitude and longitude
C. While migrating, sea turtles can learn the magnetic location of their feeding grounds and navigate back to them
D. All of the above
E. A and B both
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