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Unit 2 Assessment - Global Studies 2

Terms in this set (22)

UDHR
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) it was created by the drafting committee made up of representatives from a wide array of countries; adopted by the newly established United Nations on 10 December 1948, in response to the "barbarous acts which [...] outraged the conscience of mankind" during the Second World War. Its adoption recognised human rights to be the foundation for freedom, justice and peace.
Human Rights
the basic rights to which all people are entitled as human beings
Eleanor Roosevelt
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was an American political figure, diplomat and activist. She served as the first lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945, during her husband President Franklin D. Roosevelt's four terms in office, making her the longest-serving first lady of the United States (1884-1962); As head of the Human Rights Commission, she was instrumental in formulating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which she submitted to the United Nations General Assembly
War crimes
an action carried out during the conduct of a war that violates accepted international rules of war; wartime acts of cruelty and brutality that are judged beyond the accepted rules of war and human behavior
Nuremberg Trials
A series of 13 court proceedings held in Nuremberg, Germany, (between 1945 and 1949) after World War II, in which Nazi leaders were tried for aggression, violations of the rules of war, and crimes against humanity. A 96 year old Nazi and they aren't sure if they should prosecute him.
Crimes Against Humanity
A category of legal offenses created at the Nuremberg trials after World War II to encompass genocide and other acts committed by the political and military leaders of the Third Reich (Nazi Germany). The acts include murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, imprisonment, torture, rape (and other gender-based or sex crimes), group-based persecution, enforced disappearance, apartheid, and "other inhumane acts of a similar character intentionally causing great suffering or serious injury to body or to mental or physical health."
United Nations
An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation. The UN's Membership has grown from the original 51 Member States in 1945 to the current 193 Member States. All UN Member States are members of the General Assembly. Permanent members: China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States ‍
Vienna World Conference Sanctions
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ICC
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ICJ
International Court of Justice;
arbitrates disputes between countries; sometimes known as the World Court, is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. It settles disputes between states in accordance with international law and gives advisory opinions on international legal issues.
Chiang Kai-shek
Presiding over a period of social reforms and economic prosperity, Chiang won five elections to six-year terms as President of the Republic of ChinaGeneral and leader of Nationalist China after 1925. Although he succeeded Sun Yat-sen as head of the Guomindang, he became a military dictator whose major goal was to crush the communist movement led by Mao Zedong. (Lived 1887-1975)
Guomindang
Political party that ruled China from 1911 to 1949; enemy of the Communists. Often abbreviated at GMD.
Mao Zedong
(1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People's Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976.
May Fourth Movement
A national protest in China in 1919, in which people demonstrated against the Treaty of Versailles and foreign interference.
Chinese Communist Party
Party formed in 1923 when Sun Yat-Sen merged the Third Communist International and the KMT to create the first of many liberation fronts. This front was completely anticonservative and anti-imperialist, but not fully communist. Eventually it would separate from and defeat the KMT under Mao Zedong in 1927.
The Long March
A 6,000-mile journey made in 1934-1935 by Chinese Communists fleeing from Jiang Jieshi's Nationalist forces
Sino Japanese War
(1894-1895) Japan's imperialistic war against China to gain control of natural resources and markets for their goods. It ended with the Treaty of Portsmouth which granted Japan Chinese port city trading rights, control of Manchuria, the annexation of the island of Sakhalin, and Korea became its protectorate.
Brainwashing
make (someone) adopt radically different beliefs by using systematic and often forcible pressure.
Land Redistribution
In mid-1946, as civil war became more certain, the CCP (Communist Party Leaders) leaders launched a land revolution. They saw land redistribution as an integral part of the larger struggle; by encouraging peasants to seize landlords' fields and other property, the party apparently expected to weaken the government's rural class base and strengthen its own support among the poor
Hundred Flowers Campaign
Period from 1956 to 1957 in which Mao encouraged intellectuals to offer criticism of national policy, followed by crackdown on critics
Great Leap Forward
economic and social plan used in China from 1958 to 1961 which aimed to use China's vast population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a modern industrial society.
Cultural Revolution
(1966-1976) Political policy in started in China by Mao Zedong to eliminate his rivals and train a new generation in the revolutionary spirit that created communist China. The Cultural Revolution resulted in beatings, terror, mass jailings, and the deaths of thousands.
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