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Essential Vocabulary for Special Education

Terms in this set (50)

FAPE
Free and Appropriate Public Education
Zero Reject
Public schools must educate ALL children, regardless of their disabilities
Special Education
Specially designed instruction required to meet the unique needs of disabled students so they can benefit from their education
PL 94-142
First federal law requiring schools to educate students with disabilities (Education of All Handicapped Children Act of 1975)
IDEA
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1990 & 2004) Reauthorization and expansion of PL 94-142
504
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (1973) requiring employers to make reasonable accommodations for the disabled.
SST
Student Support Team; determines whether students are performing sufficiently outside the norm to require referral for evaluation for special education
Related Services
Specialized services such as transportation, counseling, speech, physical or occupational therapy required to meet a student's IEP goals
IEP
Individual Education Program
LRE
Least Restrictive Environment: Disabled students must be educated with children without disabilities to the maximum extent appropriate
Due Process Safeguards
Disabled students cannot be deprived of their education without "due process"
Adaptive behavior
the social, and practical skills that people need to function in their everyday lives.
Inclusion
teaching children with disabilities in the regular classroom
APGAR Scale
A test used at birth to measure the newborns functioning on 5 critical areas
Early Intervention
any interventions designed to help at-risk children from birth to age 5 to reduce the effects of potential disabilities
IFSP
Individual Family Service Plan
Down Syndrome
condition caused by chromosomal abnormality usually resulting in moderate mental retardation. Physical characteristics include short stature, flat broad face with small ears and nose, upward slanting eyes and protruding tongue
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
a leading causes of mental retardation, due to mother's excessive use of alcohol during pregnancy
Functional curriculum
learning activities selected because they will increase a student's independence, self-direction, and enjoyment in all environments.
Intellectual Disability
Mental Retardation - significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior
PKU
genetically inherited condition in which a key enzyme is lacking and can cause brain damage.
Self-determination
acting as the decision-maker in one's own life. Involves skills such as goal setting, problem solving and self-management
LD
Learning Disability - individuals with average or above average IQs who have a significant discrepancy in their academic achievement
RTI
Response to Intervention - a pyramid of increasing interventions available to students as the school identifies learning problems early rather than waiting until they fail.
EBD
Emotional Behavioral Disorder - students with behavior so different from age and cultural norms that they adversely effect educational performance
Manifestation Determination
A review of the relationship between a student's misconduct and his disability
Functional Behavior Assessment
A systematic process of gathering information to understand why a student is engaging in challenging behavior
Criterion-Referenced
a test that compares a student's performance against a specific standard
Norm-Referenced
a test that compares a student's performance against a group
Autism
group of disorders that are characterized by social and communication difficulties & ritualistic behaviors.
ABA
Applied Behavioral Analysis - systematic behavioral training
Aspergers
a type of autism characterized by normal cognitive and language development and impaired social skills
Echolalia
repeating what other people say without understanding
Assistive Technology
any item or equipment used to improve the functioning of a disabled person
Braille
a system of writing that uses raised dots which are read by the fingertips of a blind person
Functional Vision
how well a person uses the vision they have
Orientation & Mobility
O&M - skills that are critical to a blind person who uses the senses they have to tell where they are in space and where they are going
ADHD
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder - characterized by attention problems along with impulsivity and hyperactivity
CP
Cerebral Palsy - motor impairment acquired prenatally or at birth; may be mild or severe and is NOT curable or progressive.
Hearing Impaired
a general (catch all) term used to label all those with any malfunction of the auditory system
Deaf
a severe hearing impairment; cannot hear speech even with the strongest amplification
Total Communication
most widely used educational approach with hearing impaired students in public schools using all methods of communication (speech, sign, fingerspelling, and auditory training)
OT
Occupational Therapist - a professional who helps children and adults learn how to complete useful activities like dressing
PT
Physical Therapist - a professional who helps children and adults improve their muscle and movement capability.
OHI
Other Health Impairment - a general disability category under IDEA that includes cancer, diabetes and severe ADD
TBI
Traumatic Brain Injury- acquired brain injury by external force that result in impairments in function
Transition Plan
ITP - a plan required by IDEA to facilitate the transition of disabled students from school to adulthood, work and independent living
ESY
Extended School Year - related service that is required if the IEP team determines it is needed
RESA
Regional Education Service Agency, organization that serves multiple school districts in Georgia
GAA
Georgia Alternative Assessment - given in lieu of CRCT when IEP determines that it is necessary because of severe cognitive disabilities
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