Patient Care Unit 4

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Refers to the establishment and growth of a microorganism on or in a host
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Terms in this set (69)
Refers to the establishment and growth of a microorganism on or in a host
Infection
Exotoxins are _____
Outside
Endotoxins are ____
Inside
Pathogens can....
Multiple in large numbers, cause tissue damage, can excrete exotoxins
Exotoxins can produce side effects that include....
High body temperature, nausea, vomiting, shock
Pathogens can be divided into 4 basic infectious agents.....
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoan parasites
People who carry bacteria without evidence of infection
Colonized
Bacteria that colonize patients can be transmitted from one patient to another by......
The hands of health care workers
If an infection develops, it is usually from ______ that ______ patients
Bacteria, colonize
Single celled organisms
Microscopic
Lack nuclei and membrane bound organellesProkaryotesBacteria reside in host as a group or cluster called aColonyStraining technique to classify bacteriaGram straining_____ contains both DNA and RNABacteriaMedically important bacteria are classified into 3 morphologies....Cocci or spheres, bacilli or rods, spirals2 types of bacteria that produce endospores that are of medical importanceBacillus, clostridiumMicroscopic, single celledVirusesCannot live outside a living cellVirusesCarry their own DNA and RNA but never bothVirusesNot affected by antibioticsVirusesCan be macroscopicFungiHas nucleus and membrane bound organellesEukaryoteSize is much larger than bacteriaFungiMedically important fungi are calledDimorphicFungi have the ability to grow into 2 formsYeast and moldEstablishment of infectious disease1. Encounter 2. Entry 3. Spread 4. Multiplication 5. Damage 6. OutcomePainless black or brown discoloration of the palmar surface of the hand and the plantar surface of the footTinea nigra-fungal infectionFungi superficial infection causesDiscoloration of the skinKeratinized tissues of the hair, nails and skinCutaneous infectionsOrganisms are neither plant nor animalParasitic protozoaIn women, access to the organism through a portal of entry could be one of these 2 typesIngression, penetrationThe propagation of the infectious organismSpreadRequires overcoming of body's immune defensesSpreadThe growth in microbe numbers as a function of mitosisMultiplicationFrom the time the host defenses have been overcome until the time a substantial population has been achievedThe incubation periodDamage can be either ____ or _____Direct, indirectCell death caused be destruction of the host cells or by toxins or poisons secreted by the infectious agentDirect damageThe hosts inflammatory and immune responses can cause further cell destruction, but is usually minimalIndirect damage3 outcomes for an encounter with an infectious agentEliminate, overcome, compromise4 factors involved in the spread of diseaseHost, infectious microorganism, mode of transmission, reservoir-carrierPerson who serves as a reservoir is called aCarrierHAI stands forHealthcare associated infectionNosocomial infectionHealthcare associated infection (HAI)Routes for disease transmissionAir, droplet, contact, transmission may be exogenous or endogenousFactors that encourage nosocomial infectionsEnvironment, therapeutic regimen, equipment, contamination during medical proceduresBlood-borne pathogensHIV, HBVHBV primarily affects the _____LiverBlood borne pathogens are considered ______NosocomialDisease causing microorganisms present in human bloodBlood borne pathogensTransmission based precautionsAirborne, droplet, contactMicroorganisms and their spores completely destroyed by means of heat or chemical process (autoclave, gas sterilization, Cidex)Surgical asepsisUse of soap, water, friction, and various disinfectants as much as possibleMedical asepsisAny substance that inhibits growth of microorganisms and bacteriaDisinfectantThe complete removal and destruction of microorganisms and their sporesSterilizationA disinfectant applied topically to your skin is calledAntisepticThe most frequently used method for sterilizationHeatFreedom from infectionAsepsisProtection against infection before, during, and after a surgical procedure by using sterile techniquesSurgical asepsisThe removal of or destruction of infected materialMedical asepsisArea between patient drape and instrument tableSterile corridorMicroorganism-free area that can receive sterile suppliesSterile fieldA sterile field is established using a ________Sterile drapeSurgical scrubbing involved 2 basic methodsNumbered strokes, timed methodWho is responsible for ordering dressing changes and reapplication?The physicianAn operation performed under sterile technique that involves incising the skin over the trachea and then making a surgical incision in the tracheaTracheostomyExterior assembly of the chest tubes must always remain ______ than the patient's chestLowerReport drainage in excess of _____ mL/hour and any change from a serous fluid to a darker red color100The purpose of aseptic technique is toReduce the number of harmful microorganismsPeople in sterile gowns need to pass each other ______Back to back