Lymphatic & Immune System Homework Quiz

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The MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class molecules:

A) Are only found on B cells
B) Are found in the nucleus of cells
C) Allow the immune system to respond to antigens inside cells
D) Are lipoproteins on cell surfaces
E) Do not attach to plasma membranes
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Terms in this set (100)
The MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class molecules:

A) Are only found on B cells
B) Are found in the nucleus of cells
C) Allow the immune system to respond to antigens inside cells
D) Are lipoproteins on cell surfaces
E) Do not attach to plasma membranes
C) Allow the immune system to respond to antigens inside cells
Perforins are made by:

A) Cytotoxic T cells
B) B cells
C) Helper T Cells
D) Regulatory T Cells
A) Cytotoxic T cells
Circulatory changes that occur in inflammation include:

A) Increased viscosity of the blood
B) Decreased vascular permeability
C) Increased vascular permeability
D) Decreased blood flow to the area
E) Vasoconstriction
C) Increased vascular permeability
Which of the following would be classified as an innate physical barrier?

A) Activation of complement
B) Phagocytosis of invading organisms
C) Washing action of tears and saliva
D) Inflammation
E) Release of histamine
C) Washing action of tears and saliva
A protein that helps to protect the body against viral infections is?

A) Complement
B) Interferon
C) Lysozyme
D) Histamine
E) Kinin
B) Interferon
Lymph exits a lymph node via the?

A) Efferent lymphatic vessels
B) Afferent lymphatic vessels
C) Cortical sinuses
D) Trabeculae
E) Lymphatic duct
A) Efferent lymphatic vessels
Which of the following is correctly matched?

A) IgA - found in saliva and tears
B) IgD - can cross the placenta
C) IgG - first to challenge the antigen
D) IgM - antigen-binding receptor on B cells
E) IgE - transfusion reactions
A) IgA - found in saliva and tears
The MHC class I antigen complex displays a foreign antigen on the cell surface. This prompts the immune system to destroy?

A) B cell clones
B) Extracellular antigens
C) The displaying cell
D) Mature red blood cells
E) The virus inside the cell, but not the cell
C) The displaying cell
Which of the following might occur after a helper T cell is presented with a processed antigen and costimulated?

A) Helper T cells destroy the presenting cell
B) Helper T cells produce antibodies
C) Helper T cells release chemicals that stimulate B cells to clone
D) Helper T cells stop division
E) Helper T cells lyse
C) Helper T cells release chemicals that stimulate B cells to clone
Several days after an initial contact with an antigen, antibody blood levels increases. This is a?

A) Primer response
B) Primary response
C) Precipitating response
D) Principle response
E) Cascade response
B) Primary response
A traditional method of providing temporary immunity for a person who is suspected of being bitten by a snake is classified as? A) Active natural immunity B) Active artificial immunity C) Passive natural immunity D) Passive artificial immunity E) Passive active immunityD) Passive artificial immunityPlasma cells? A) Have a great deal of rough endoplasmic reticulum reflecting the fact that they secrete a tremendous amount of protein (antibody) B) Are large so that they can envelope their prey by phagocytosis C) Are small so that they slip between endothelial cells of capillaries to fight infection in the surrounding tissues D) Have a great deal of rough endoplasmic reticulum to dispose of ingested pathogensA) Have a great deal of rough endoplasmic reticulum reflecting the fact that they secrete a tremendous amount of protein (antibody)Removing functionality from a B cell without killing it is called? A) Clonal selection B) Clonal expansion C) Clonal deletion D) Clonal anergyD) Clonal anergyThe process of eliminating those lymphocytes that react or respond against self-antigens is called? A) Phagocytosis B) Inflammation C) Negative selection D) Activation of complement E) Natural selectionC) Negative selection________ determines which B-cell is cloned in an antibody-mediated response. A) The antibody B) The antigen C) A macrophage D) Complement E) A neutrophilB) The antigenThe thoracic duct drains lymph into the? A) Left subclavian vein B) Right subclavian vein C) Right internal jugular vein D) Left brachiocephalic vein E) Left subclavian arteryA) Left subclavian veinWhich of the following is true of adaptive immunity? A) It is present at birth. B) Previous encounters with the foreign substance does not change the response. C) The second response is faster and stronger than the first response. D) Responses are general, not specificC) The second response is faster and stronger than the first response.Which is the proper order of events in cell-mediated immunity? (1) Cloning of cytotoxic T cells and memory T cells (2) Antigen presented to T lymphocyte (3) Activation of T lymphocytes (4) Cytotoxic T cells attack target cells A) 2, 3, 4, 1 B) 1, 4, 2, 3 C) 2, 3, 1, 4 D) 3, 2, 4, 1C) 2, 3, 1, 4A woman has her right breast and right axillary lymph nodes removed. Which of the following might occur? A) Cisterna chyli flow increases B) The thoracic duct would be severed C) Right lymphatic duct drainage decreases causing edema in the right arm D) Lymph drainage would be affected in her left arm E) Lymph drainage would be affected in both legsC) Right lymphatic duct drainage decreases causing edema in the right armWhich of the following organs does NOT contain lymphatic tissue? A) Liver B) Spleen C) Tonsils D) Thymus E) Lymph nodesA) LiverThe two major types of phagocytic cells are ____________________ and ___________________? A) Neutrophils; monocytes B) Neutrophils; macrophages C) Monocytes; macrophages D) Lymphocytes; monocytes E) Eosinophils; T cellsB) Neutrophils; macrophagesThe thymus is where ________ mature and become functional immune cells? A) Pre-T cells B) Pre-B cells C) Macrophages D) C cellsA) Pre-T cellsVaccines work by? A) Boosting innate immunity with cytokines B) Priming the adaptive immunity with a relatively harmless primary exposure C) Providing the necessary antibodies to fight infections D) Suppressing inflation to help speed healingB) Priming the adaptive immunity with a relatively harmless primary exposureWhich type of T cell is most effective against viruses? A) Th1 B) Th2 C) Cytotoxic T cells D) Regulatory T cellsC) Cytotoxic T cellsLymphocytes provide which of the following type of immunity? A) Innate immunity B) Antibody-mediated immunity C) Cell-mediated immunity D) Both antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunity E) Innate immunity, antibody-mediated immunity, and cell-mediated immunityD) Both antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunityCells that process antigen and present antigens to other immune cells are called ________ cells. A) Plasma B) Antigen-presenting C) B receptor D) T suppressorB) Antigen-presentingAll the following are signs of inflammation except: A) Redness B) Swelling C) Pain D) Activation of B cells E) HeatD) Activation of B cellsReceives lymph from most of the body? A) Spleen B) Lymph nodes C) Thoracic duct D) Lymph E) Peyer's patchesC) Thoracic ductAlthough B & T lymphocytes originate in the bone marrow, T cells mature in the? A) Spleen B) Thymus C) Tonsils D) AppendixB) ThymusFlow of lymph through a lymph node is slowed due to? A) The viscous nature of lymph B) Fewer efferent vessels draining it compared to many afferent vessels feeding it C) The presence of lymphocytes & macrophages D) Mini-valvesB) Fewer efferent vessels draining it compared to many afferent vessels feeding itWhich of the following statements accurately describes the thymus gland? A) The thymus gland lacks a capsule B) The thymus gland contains many reticular fibers C) The thymus gland decreases in size after age 60 D) Lymphocytes are found only in the medulla of the thymus gland E) The thymus increases in size with agingC) The thymus gland decreases in size after age 60Which of the following would NOT be classified as a lymphoid organ? A) Pancreas B) Spleen C) Tonsils D) Peyer's patches of the intestineA) PancreasSmall kidney shaped lymphoid organs, which cluster along lymphatic vessels, are termed? A) Lymph follicles B) Lymph nodes C) Lacteals D) LymphaticsB) Lymph nodesWhich of the following is considered a primary lymphoid organ? A) Appendix B) Tonsils C) Spleen D) ThymusD) ThymusWhich of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system? A) Defending from infection caused by microorganisms and other foreign substances B) Aiding in erythropoiesis of red blood cells C) Maintaining fluid balance by returning excess interstitial fluid to the blood D) Absorbing & transporting lipids from the digestive tractB) Aiding in erythropoiesis of red blood cellsLymph is filtered by the? A) Tonsils B) Spleen C) Lymph nodes D) ThymusC) Lymph nodesThe lymphatic system differs from the cardiovascular system in that? A) The lymphatic system only carries fluid away from tissues. B) The lymphatic vessels have their own "pump" to assist flow. C) Lymph capillaries do not contain any fluid. D) Lymph capillaries allow free movement of fluid in and out of the capillaries. E) Lymph circulates fluids & cardiovascular does not.A) The lymphatic system only carries fluid away from tissues.Lymph traveling from the left arm would enter the venous circulation via the? A) Thoracic duct B) Right lymphatic duct C) Cisterna chili D) Axillary nodesA) Thoracic ductWhich of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system? A) Draining excess interstitial fluid B) Carrying out immune responses C) Transporting dietary fats D) Transporting respiratory gasesD) Transporting respiratory gasesSelect the correct statement about lymph transport: A) Under normal conditions, lymph vessels are very high-pressure conduits B) Lymph transport is faster than that occurring in veins C) Lymph transport is only necessary when illness causes tissue swelling D) Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal musclesD) Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal musclesThe thymus is most active during? A) Fetal development B) Childhood C) Middle age D) Old ageB) ChildhoodThe lymphatic system plays a role in maintaining fluid balance within the body by? A) Adding lymph to GI tract secretions B) Returning interstitial fluid to the blood C) Transporting lymph from tissues to the liver D) Carrying excess fluid to the kidneys to be excreted E) Actively absorbing fluid from the bloodB) Returning interstitial fluid to the bloodWhich of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system? A) Lymphatic vessels B) Lymph nodes C) Lymph D) ErythrocytesD) ErythrocytesSelect the correct statement about lymphocytes: A) The two main types are T cells and macrophages B) B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood C) T cells are the precursors of B cells D) T cells are the only form of lymphocyte found in lymphoid tissueB) B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the bloodWhen the lymphatic structures of a limb are blocked due to tumors, the result is? A) Shrinkage of tissues distal in the limb to the blockage due to inadequate delivery of lymph B) Severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb C) Increased pressure in the lymphatics proximal in the limb to the blockage D) Abnormally high lymph drainage from the distal regionB) Severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limbWhat is the purpose of lacteals? A) Drain blood from the spleen B) Absorb fluid from capillary beds C) Absorb lipids from the digestive tract D) Absorb solutes from interstitial spacesC) Absorb lipids from the digestive tractThe tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the? A) Lingual tonsils B) Palatine tonsils C) Pharyngeal tonsils D) Peyer's tonsilsA) Lingual tonsilsLymph leaves a lymph node via? A) Efferent lymphatic vessels B) Afferent lymphatic vessels C) The cortical sinus D) The subcapsular sinusA) Efferent lymphatic vesselsStructurally, lymph vessels are most similar to? A) Veins B) Arteries C) Arterioles D) Capillaries E) VenulesA) VeinsPeyer's patches are found in the distal portion of the? A) Esophagus B) Small intestine C) Large intestine D) StomachB) Small intestineWhich of the following correctly describes the pathway of lymph? A) Lymphatic ducts to lymphatic trunks to lymphatic vessels to lymphatic capillaries B) Lymphatic ducts to lymphatic capillaries to lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks C) Lymphatic capillaries to lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks to lymphatic ducts D) Lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks to lymphatic ducts to lymphatic capillariesC) Lymphatic capillaries to lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks to lymphatic ductsWhich lymphoid organ atrophies as we age? A) Tonsils B) Appendix C) Spleen D) ThymusD) ThymusThe redness & heat seen in an inflamed area are the result of? A) Vasoconstriction B) Increased blood flow to the area C) Phagocyte mobilization D) Production of interferon E) A reddish substance released by erythrocytesB) Increased blood flow to the areaWhich of the following would be classified as an innate physical barrier? A) Activation of complement B) Phagocytosis of invading organisms C) Washing action of tears & saliva D) Inflammation E) Release of histamineC) Washing action of tears & salivaWhich of the following would be a component of the body's first line of defense? A) Phagocytes B) Inflammation C) Mucous membranes D) Natural killer cells E) All of the aboveE) All of the aboveWhich of the following is NOT a characteristic of adaptive immunity? A) It has memory B) You are born with it C) It has specificity D) Acquired throughout your lifetimeB) You are born with itInterferon production is stimulated by? A) A viral infection B) The complement cascade C) Antigen-presenting cells D) Degranulation of basophils E) InflammationA) A viral infectionWhich of the following is true of adaptive immunity? A) It is present at birth B) Previous encounters with the foreign substance does not change the response C) The second response is faster & stronger than the first response D) Responses are general, not specificC) The second response is faster & stronger than the first responseMacrophages? A) Are derived from basophils B) Reduce the inflammatory response C) Are responsible for most phagocytic activity in the late stages of an infection D) Produce cytokines that aid in the destruction of antigens E) Are the first at the site of infectionC) Are responsible for most phagocytic activity in the late stages of an infectionExposure to ______________ is necessary to trigger adaptive immunity. A) Antigens B) Histamines C) Antibodies D) Complement E) Plasma proteinsA) AntigensNatural Killer (NK) cells? A) Are a type of macrophage B) Are a type of plasma cell C) Secrete enzymes that kill tumor or virus-infected cells D) Are derived from B cells E) Promote inflammationC) Secrete enzymes that kill tumor or virus-infected cellsFever? A) Is a higher-than-normal body temperature that is always dangerous B) Decreases the metabolic rate of the body to conserve energy C) Production is regulated by chemicals that reset the body's thermostat to a higher setting D) Causes the liver to release large amounts of iron, which seems to inhibit bacterial replicationC) Production is regulated by chemicals that reset the body's thermostat to a higher settingA small molecule, like penicillium or a dust mite that can cause an allergic reaction is a? A) T cell B) B cell C) Antibody D) HaptenD) HaptenThe inflammatory response? A) Prevents the spread of an infection B) Stimulates erythrocytes to leave the blood C) Delays healing of damaged tissues D) Depresses immunity E) Is harmful & should be immediately reversedA) Prevents the spread of an infectionWhich immunoglobulin class is the most abundant antibody in plasma? A) IgM B) IgA C) IgD D) IgG E) IgED) IgGHistamine & leukotrienes are released from? A) Basophils & mast cells B) Eosinophils & basophils C) Neutrophils & lymphocytes D) Macrophages & microphages E) PhagocytesA) Basophils & mast cellsWhich of the following is NOT a key sign of inflammation? A) Jaundice B) Pain C) Swelling D) Redness E) HeatA) Jaundice____ _______ are part of cell-mediated immunity while ____ _______ are part of antibody-mediated immunity. A) B cells; NK cells B) Antibodies; antigens C) T cells; B cells D) Macrophages; antibodies E) Neutrophils; monocytesC) T cells; B cellsPyrogens are chemicals that? A) Decrease phagocytosis B) Decrease vasodilation C) Increase neutrophil production D) Stimulate fever production E) Are chemotactic factorsD) Stimulate fever productionInterferon? A) Directly attacks viruses B) Protects cells that have been invaded by viruses C) Increases vascular permeability D) Is not produced by most cells E) Is a protein that interferes with virus production & infectionE) Is a protein that interferes with virus production & infectionCancer cells & virus-infected body cells can be killed before activation of adaptive immunity (as a part of innate immunity) by? A) Natural killer cells B) T-lymphocytes C) B-lymphocytes D) PinocytosisA) Natural killer cellsWhich of the following statements concerning neutrophils & macrophages is false? A) They both exhibit chemotaxis B) They both move by amoeboid motion C) Both are capable of phagocytosis D) Both release histamine when activated E) Both can squeeze between cellsD) Both release histamine when activatedWhich of the following would be an example of chemotaxis? A) A white blood cell moves toward an injury site due to the release of certain chemicals by injured cells B) Platelets are attracted to the rough surface of damaged blood vessels C) Red blood cells move due to pressure gradients generated by the heart D) A white blood cell can move into and out of blood vesselsA) A white blood cell moves toward an injury site due to the release of certain chemicals by injured cellsWhich of the following is usually the first cell type to leave the blood and enter infected tissues? A) Eosinophil B) Lymphocyte C) Monocyte D) Natural killer cell E) NeutrophilE) NeutrophilThe type of cell responsible for the secondary response is a? A) Mast cell B) Macrophage C) Memory cell D) Red blood cell E) MonocyteC) Memory cellTreatments of disease that include the alteration of immune functions are called? A) Hypersensitivity B) Passive immunity C) Active immunity D) Adaptive immunity E) ImmunotherapyE) ImmunotherapyWhen a vaccine for COVID is available, you take the vaccine and developing antibodies for COVID. This is example for what type of adaptive immunity? A) Active natural immunity B) Active artificial immunity C) Passive natural immunity D) Passive artificial immunity E) Active passive immunityB) Active artificial immunityCells that phagocytize pathogens to present antigens to other immune cells are called? A) Cells B) Plasma C) Antigen-presenting D) B receptor E) T suppressorC) Antigen-presentingThe effects of cell-mediated immunity are the result of activities of? A) B cells B) Cytotoxic T cells C) Macrophages D) Dendritic cells E) Helper T cellsB) Cytotoxic T cellsThe secondary or memory response? A) Occurs after the primary response has activated NK cells B) Provides better protection than the primary response C) Is less effective in antibody production D) Produces different antibodies than those produced in the primary immune response E) Does not protect the body after the first exposureB) Provides better protection than the primary responseThe thymus is where _________________ mature and become functional immune cells. A) Pre-T cells B) Pre-B cells C) Macrophages D) Null cells E) C cellsA) Pre-T cellsA child is born with a congenital disease that results in total loss of B cells. Which of the following would be a consequence of this immunodeficiency? A) No lymphokine production B) Lack of antibody formation C) Nonfunctioning complement system D) Inability to form any type of memory cell E) No antigens on the cellsB) Lack of antibody formationCytotoxic T cells attack the infected cells and puncture the cells by? A) Secreting interferons B) Secreting perforins C) Participating in innate immunity D) Secrete tumor necrosis factor (TNF)B) Secreting perforinsArtificially stimulating the proliferation of cytotoxic T cells to destroy cancer cells is an example of? A) Immunotherapy B) Immunocompetence C) Tolerance D) Passive artificial acquired immunity E) Passive natural acquired immunityA) ImmunotherapyA traditional method of providing temporary immunity for a person who is suspected of being infected with rabies (usually due to an animal bite) is classified as? A) Active natural immunity B) Active artificial immunity C) Passive natural immunity D) Passive artificial immunity E) Passive active immunityD) Passive artificial immunityThe immunoglobulin that is often the first antibody produced in response to an antigen is? A) IgD B) IgA C) IgM D) IgE E) IgGC) IgMWhich of the following is not a function of the antibodies? A) Agglutination B) Neutralization C) Stimulating proteins production by T helper cells D) Precipitation E) Activation of completementC) Stimulating proteins production by T helper cellsAntibodies are produced by? A) Cytotoxic T cells stimulated by helper T cells B) Helper T cells stimulated by various cytokines C) B cells that differentiate to form plasma cells D) Natural killer cells as they lyse cancer cells E) The red bone marrowC) B cells that differentiate to form plasma cellsPositive selection of lymphocytes refers to the? A) Processing of an antigen by a macrophage B) Proliferation of natural killer cells C) Production of antigen-specific antibodies D) Survival of pre-B & pre-T cells that are capable of an immune response E) Replication of memory cellsD) Survival of pre-B & pre-T cells that are capable of an immune responsePrimary lymphatic organs include the? A) Tonsils & spleen B) Thymus & lymph nodes C) Red bone marrow & thymus D) Red bone marrow & lymph nodesC) Red bone marrow & thymusThe HIV virus infects ________________ thus impairing adaptive immunity. A) B cells B) Cytotoxic T cells C) Suppressor T cells D) Helper T cells E) MonocytesD) Helper T cellsCytotoxic T cells? A) Produce antibodies for general circulation B) Attach to the surface of cells, causing them to lyse C) Cause precipitation of antigens D) Have IgG antibodies on their cell membranes E) Are destroyed after contact killingB) Attach to the surface of cells, causing them to lyseWhich of the following does not belong in the same immunity class as the others? A) Macrophages B) Natural killer cells C) Inflammation D) Antibodies E) Interferon & the complement systemD) AntibodiesActive natural immunity occurs when? A) Antibodies pass from a pregnant mother to her fetus B) Antibodies are injected into a host C) An individual develops a disease D) A person is vaccinated E) Antibodies are passed in breast milkC) An individual develops a diseaseWhich of the following is not an example of interaction between cell mediated immunity & innate immunity? A) Macrophage of innate immunity present antigens to helper T cells B) Cytokines secreted by helper T cells stimulate inflammation C) Cytokines secreted by helper T cells stimulate phagocytosis D) Macrophages of innate immunity present antigens to cytotoxic T cellsD) Macrophages of innate immunity present antigens to cytotoxic T cellsLymphocytes with a CD8 glycoprotein on their surface are called _______________ cells & lymphocytes with a CD4 glycoprotein on their surface are called ____________ cells. A) Cytotoxic T; B B) B; cytotoxic T C) B; helper T D) Helper T; cytotoxic T E) Cytotoxic T; helperE) Cytotoxic T; helperT/F As one ages, the effectiveness of adaptive immunity decreases.TrueB-cells? A) Are a subset of T cells B) When activated become plasma cells and produce antibodies C) Are responsible for forming all the body's memory cells D) Suppress the activity of T cells E) Mature in the thymusB) When activated become plasma cells and produce antibodies____________ _________________ lacks the capacity to remember a pathogen or react differently to it in the future, whereas ________________ ______________ utilizes memory cells to adapt to a given pathogen & ward it off more easily in the future. A) Innate immunity; cytotoxicity B) Adaptive immunity; innate immunity C) A natural killer cell; a macrophage D) Innate immunity; adaptive immunityD) Innate immunity; adaptive immunityMHC class II molecules are found on? A) Neutrophils, monocytes, & macrophages B) Dendritic cells, B cells, & helper T cells C) Monocytes, helper T cells, & neutrophils D) B cells, macrophages, & dendritic cells E) B cells, C cells, and D cellsD) B cells, macrophages, & dendritic cells