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Microbiology 303

Terms in this set (21)

Staphylococcus aureus
Gram +
enterotoxin
preformed toxin in foods
treatment - supportive
sx: within 4 hours of ingestion; nausea; vomiting, diarrhea
staphylococcal food poisoning
Clostridium botulinum
G+ anaerobe
neurotoxin
preformed toxin in foods
treatment - antiserum
sx: begin quickly; flaccid paralysis
botulism
Salmonella enterica (G-)
Gram-
Type III secretion; intracellular growth
source: chickens, other animals; fecal-oral route
tx: oral rehydration, antibiotics if severe
sx: after 18h; abdominal pain, diarrhea, invade intestinal M cells
salmonellosis
Salmonella enterica (serovar Typhi)
G- , serovar Typhi
Type III secretion, intracellular growth, PhoPQ regulators, Vi antigen capsule
source: human carriers (gallbladder reservoir); food, water
tx: quinolones
sx: headache, fever, chills, abdominal pain, rash (rose spots), hypotension, diarrhea in late stages
Typhoid fever
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
Labile and stable toxins
source: humans, food, water
tx: oral rehydration
sx: watery diarrhea
Traveler's diarrhea
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
Intimin, Tir, type III secretion, Shiga toxin
source: contaminated foods (hamburger) and crops
tx: oral rehydration, antibiotics if severe
sx: bloody diarrhea, HUS
Gastroenteritis
Shigella spp.
Shiga toxin, type III secretion, intracellular growth, actin-based motility, escape phagosome
source: humans, fecal-oral route
tx: oral rehydration, antibiotics if severe
sx: bloody diarrhea, HUS
Shigellosis
Vibrio cholerae
G-
cholera toxin, toxin-coregulated pili (TCPs), ToxR regulator
source: human waste contaminated water
tx: oral rehydration, antibiotics
sx: watery diarrhea
Cholera
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
G-
Enterotoxin
source: Raw seafood
tx: self-limiting
sx: diarrhea, blood in stool
Gastroenteritis
Clostridium perfringens
G+
Alpha toxin
source: soil, food
tx: self limiting
sx: water diarrhea, nausea
Gastroenteritis
Clostridium difficile
G+
cytotoxin, antibiotic resistance
source: animals, normal microbiota
tx: vancomycin
sx: fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, pseudomembrane in colon
Pseudomembranous enterocolitis
Campylobacter jejuni
G-
Cytotoxin, enterotoxin, adhesin
source: poultry, unpasteurized milk
tx: erythromycin
sx: fever, muscle pain, watery diarrhea, blood in stool, headache
Gastroenteritis
Helicobacter pylori
G-
Adhesin, urease CagA, vacuolating toxin
source: unknown
tx: triple drug (omeprazole, clarithromycin, metronidazole)
sx: abdominal pain, bleeding, heartburn
gastric ulcers
Norovirus (Norwalk virus)
Rotavirus (most common cause)
source: fecal-oral route
tx: oral rehydration
sx: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Stomach flu
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
G-
Type IV pili, phase variation
tx: Ceftriaxone
sx: purulent discharge, burning urination, can lead to sterility
Gonorrhea
Treponema pallidum
spirochete
motility
tx: penicillin
sx: primary (chancre), secondary (joint pain, rash), tertiary (gummata, aneurism, CNS damage)
Syphilis
Chlamydia trachomatis
intracellular growth, prevents phagolysosome fusion
tx: Azithromycin
sx: watery or mucoid urethral discharge, burning urination
Nongonococcal urethritis
Trichomonas vaginalis
protozoan, cytotoxin
tx: Metronidazole
sx: vaginal itching, painful urination, strawberry cervix
Trichomoniasis
HIV
gp120, Rev, Nef, and Tat proteins
tx: Azidothymidine (AZT), protease inhibitors, zidovudine
sx: for AIDS - fever, diarrhea, cough, night sweats, fatigue, opportunistic infections
Herpes simplex 2
cell fusion protein, complement binding protein, latency
tx: acyclovir, iododeoxyuridine
sx: painful ulcer on external genitals, painful urination
Genital herpes
Human papillomavirus
E6, E7 proteins
tx: vaccine now available
sx: warts on external genitals
Genital warts
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