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2021-2022 World History - Semester 1 Finals Study Guide

Terms in this set (51)

What contributions to modern democratic ideals and society were made by the classical civilizations (Greece and Rome)?
-Original model of government of the United States
-Provide public service.
-Increased freedom for the people.
-Direct (athenian and greek) democracy
-Representative (Roman republic) democracy
-Written law code
-Individual participation in government
What contributions to modern democratic ideals and society were made by the Abrahamic religions?
Morality and ethics in law code
What ideas and values concerning individual liberties and rights emerged from Medieval Europe, the Renaissance, and the Reformation?
Individualism
How did political developments in England increase individuals rights in the country and contribute to our modern ideas of democracy?
-Began to limit the power of monarchy by adding parliament
-Parliament: Creates a constitution or a summary of the rights and liberties believed essential to the people and increases individual rights.
-Magna Carta: the major sources of traditional political rights and liberties
-Bill of Right: Formal summary of the rights and liberties, limits monarchy's power and protect free speech in Parliament.
Parliament
A body of representatives that makes laws for a nation
Magna Carta
Charter of liberties (freedoms) that King John of England was forced to sign; forced king to obey the same laws as the citizens of his kingdom
Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments to the Constitution
How did the scientific Revolution challenge previously established ideas and world views?
-Challenges previously established ideas and questions ancient belief
-Grants new way of looking at the world, new inventions, and a new way of finding and understanding the truth by using scientific methods.
How did Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas contribute to our modern ideas of democratic government and society?
-Basis of most law
-Inspired independence movement
-The social structure
-Separation of power in the government
-Equality between peoples
What were the causes of the American Revolution?
-Unfair treatment
-Enlightenment idea spread
-Colonists accused British leader of tyranny
-Colonists started to identify themselves as -American
-High taxation
-No representation
-English Bill of Rights
How did the Enlightenment influence the American Revolution (Declaration of Independence, US Constitution, US Bill of Rights)
-John Locke -> social contract -> basis of American Revolution and the Declaration of Independence
-Rousseau -> social contract -> Declaration of Independence
-Voltaire - > Freedom of Speech, Religion, and Expression -> 1st Amendment
-Montesquieu -> Separation of power -> US constitution
-Beccaria -> Rights of accused and no torture -> 4th to 8th Amendments
-Wollstonecraft -> Women's rights -> 19th Amendment
What were the major political causes of the French Revolution?
-Third Estate want greater representation
-Weak leadership
-American revolution inspired political idea
What were the major economic causes of the French Revolution?
-War and royal extravagance
-Inflation and famine
-Peasants pay high taxes
What were the major social causes of the French Revolution?
-Third Estate resented the First and Second Estate privilege
-Enlightenment idea spread
How did the French Revolution contribute to spreading Enlightenment ideas in Europe and around the world?
-Successful movement of the French Revolution
-Tennis Court Oath successfully established the National Assembly
-National Assembly grants people more freedom, liberty, and getting constitutional government
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