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Industrial Revolution

Terms in this set (22)

Industrial Revolution
A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s
Agricultural Revolution
The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
Cottage System
the system where families created their own assembly lines in their homes, their cottages, without machines, a method used before the Industrial Revolution, people were self-sufficient, less efficient than factories, things they made included shoes and clothes
Factory System
This new system gradually replaced localized cottage industry. Workers were paid by the hour instead of for what they produce. On one hand it decreased the need for skilled labor, but in other ways it increased the amount of specialization due to labor being concentrated in factories.
Enclosure Movement
The 18th century privatization of common lands in England, which contributed to the increase in population and the rise of industrialization.
Textiles
The first industry to be industrialized in the 18th century.
Proletariat
Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production
Bourgeoisie
the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people
Steam Engine (James Watt)
invented by James in mid 1700s, powered by steam and coal that could pump water from mines three times as quickly as previous engines.
Steam Engine (Newcomen)
...
Urbanization
Movement of people from rural areas to cities
Child Labor
using children to work in factories and businesses
British Factory Act of 1833
limited the hours of work for children
Karl Marx "Communist Manifesto" 1848
-aim to overthrow the middle class supremacy and the conquest of power by the working class (proletariat)
-abolition of middle class property (bourgeoisie)
-"abolition of private property"
Capitalism
an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
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