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Chem Exam 3

Terms in this set (30)

Vaporization
Phase changes from liquid to gas
Condensation
Phase change from gas to liquid
Fusion (melting)
Phase change from solid to liquid
Freezing
Phase change from liquid to solid
Sublimation
Phase change from solid to gas
Vaporization curve
line (curve) separating liquid to gas
Fusion curve
line (curve) separating solid to liquid
Sublimation curve
line (curve) separating solid to gas
Triple point
point where all three phases meet
Critical point
point where above the temperature substance transforms into supercritical fluid
Solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
Solvent
a substance that dissolves another substance
Molarity (M)
= mol solute /L of solution
Molality (m)
= mol solute/kg of solvent
% mass
= mass of solute / mass of solution (mass of solute + mass of solvent)
Mole fraction
= mole of solute/ mole of solution (mole of solute + mole of solvent)
Mole %
= mole fraction × 100%
Vapor Pressure Decrease
when the pressure of the solvent in a solution is always lower than the pressure of the pure solvent. It is directly proportional to the mole fraction of the solute.
Freezing Point Depression
when the freezing point of a solution is less than the freezing point of the pure solvent.
Melting Point Elevation
when the boiling point of the solvent above a solution change as the concentration of the solute in the solution changes
Osmotic Pressure
the pressure that needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane.
Raoult's Law for Vapor Pressure
Psolution = χsolvent × P°Solvent
freezing point depression equation
ΔTf = Kfm
boiling point elevation equation
ΔTb = m × Kb
osmotic pressure equation
л =MRT
intermolecular forces
london dispersion, dipole-dipole, H-Bonding, ion-dipole
intramolecular forces
surface tension, viscosity, capillary action.
Surface Tension
tension of a surface to resist surface breaking (piercing) due to high imf.
Viscosity
measure of flow of liquid → higher viscosity the harder to pour (or flow) → high imf.
Capillary action
high imf and adhesion allow liquid to move up against gravity "climbing"
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