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APWH chap 30

Terms in this set (43)

The industrial revolution began in
Great Britain.
Crucial to industrialization was
the replacement of human and animal power with inanimate sources of energy such as steam.
The growing demand for cotton cloth in the eighteenth century threatened British
wool producers.
The British Calico Acts of 1720 and 1721
prohibited the importation of cotton cloth.
The inventor of the flying shuttle was
John Kay.
The invention of the flying shuttle
sped the weaving process and increased the demand for yarn.
Which of the following is not a correct pairing of inventor and invention?
Josiah Wedgwood and "mule"
Edmund Cartwright was responsible for the invention of the
power loom.
James Watt invented a more efficient steam pump when
he figured out how to make a piston turn a wheel for rotary motion.
Cheaper iron was produced after 1709 when British smelters began to use what substance as a fuel?
coke
Henry Bessemer's innovations made it possible to produce cheaper
steel
The first steam-powered locomotive was George Stephenson's
Rocket.
James Watt's steam engine did not adapt well to transportation uses because
it consumed too much coal.
The dominant form of industrial organization in Europe, the United States, and Japan by the end of the nineteenth century was
the factory system.
The Luddites
were crafts workers who destroyed textile machines.
What was the name of the giant firm in German that dominated mining, metallurgy, armaments production, and shipbuilding?
Krupp
Interchangeable parts were invented by
Eli Whitney.
In America the petroleum monopoly, Standard Oil Company was owned by
John D. Rockefeller.
Beginning in the nineteenth century, industrializing lands experienced a social change known as the demographic transition when
the fertility rate began a marked decline.
The first efficient means of contraception without negative side effects was
the condom.
Industrialization
often tore working class families apart.
Holy Monday was
the extra day that workers often took to lengthen their weekly break.
Mrs. John Sandford wrote
Woman in Her Social and Domestic Character.
The founder of New Lanark was
Owen
Marx and Engels proposed that capitalism divided people into two classes. The classes were
the capitalists and the proletariat.
The author of the Manifesto of the Communist Party was
Marx
Marx suggested that music, art, and literature
served the purposes of the capitalists because they diverted the workers from their misery.
What did Marx refer to as the "opiate of the masses"?
religion
Marx and the communists believed that private property
should be abolished.
Marx believed that the final result of the socialist revolution would be the
"dictatorship of the proletariat."
According to Marx, all of human history had been a history of
class struggle.
In the 1880s Otto von Bismarck
introduced medical insurance and unemployment compensation for German workers.
Throughout most of the nineteenth century, employers and governments
viewed trade unions as illegal associations designed to restrain trade.
Over the long haul, trade unions
reduced the likelihood of a revolution by improving the lives of working people.
Count Sergei Witte was
the Russian finance minister who pushed for industrialization.
By 1900, half the world's oil was produced by
Russia
By 1900, the world's four biggest steel producers were
United States, Germany, Britain, and Russia.
In Japan, industrialization took place
with the active support of imperial authorities.
A zaibatsu was
the Japanese equivalent of a trust.
On a global scale, industrialization
promoted a new international division of labor.
Canada, Argentina, Uruguay, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand
exported primary goods but also underwent economic development and industrialization.
Which of the following was not a problem that plagued Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, and south and southeast Asia?
Both native and foreign financial interests adopted an anti-free-trade policy.
Most of Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa
did not industrialize and depended on exporting primary products.
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