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Multiple choice

Terms in this set (34)

A farmer interested in raising healthy crops should look for a
loamy, clumpy soil with a neutral pH and a dark color
In a soil profile, this horizon is the topsoil, which is rich with nutrients and where crops grow
A horizon
Buildup of salts in upper horizons
Salinization
When soil has lost at least 10% of its productivity. This occurs fastest in arid environments.
Desertification
Genetic engineering relies on placing a gene that codes for a desired trait into the —— of a different organism from the organism where the gene was originally harvested
genome (DNA)
Which type of livestock is the most inefficient at converting its food (e.g. corn) into meat, which will later be human food
Cattle
When tall trees are planted around farms to block wind and protect crops
Shelter belt
When a different crop is planted each year on land to maintain soil quality
Crop rotation
Which of the following actions contributes to soil erosion
Driving machinery over fields
Pesticides can lose their effectiveness after a while because...
Pests develop a resistance to the pesticide
The study of how the world works, how our environment affects us, and how we affect our environment
Environmental Science
A social movement dedicated to protecting the natural world, and by extension people, from undesirable changes brought about by human action
Environmentalism
Current world population
7.8 billion
What is the correct order of Phanerozoic periods from earliest to most recent
Cambrian, Ordivician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleocene, Neogene
Period when the most phyla evolved
Cambrian
When trees evolved, during the Carboniferous period, no organisms were capable of decomposing their remains What happened to the dead trees?
They were converted into fossil fuels like coal
The period when tetrapods (4 legged animals) came on land
Devonian
At the end of this period the greatest mass extinction took place, resulting in the death of 96% or marine species and 70% of terrestrial species
Permian (the great dying)
Dinos went extinct during the
K-T (late Cretaceous) mass extinction
Burgess Shale is an area in western Canada where
One of the earliest fossil beds of soft-part imprints of organisms is found
Which of the following is evidence for the cause of the extinction of the dinosaurs
ALL OF THE ABOVE
- high levels of iridium in a rock layer known as the K/T Boundary
- iridium is rare on earth but plentiful in meteors
- a large crater found on the Yucatán peninsula that is dated to the time of the Dino extinction
Which sphere of Earth is made of all the rock above and below earths surface
Geosphere
Which sphere are humans part of
Biosphere
Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere, but it is not very reactive. How does nitrogen cycle from the atmosphere to Other spheres of the earth
A AND B
a- nitrogen fixation by bacteria
b- nitrogen fixation by lighting
What does the chemical equation represent : 6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Photosynthesis
In nitrogen fixation, atmospheric nitrogen gas is converted to — which is then converted to —
Ammonia/Ammonium ; nitrates/nitrites
Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates to nitrogen gas. What is the simplified equation for denitrification
NO3 —> NO2—> NO—> N2O—> N2
This is one cycle in which the nutrient doesn't not cycle through the atmosphere
Phosphorus cycle
When an excess of (a) particular nutrient(s) enter a body of water, causing an algal bloom. The algae can block off sunlight from reaching the water and cause an increase in aquatic decomposers, which lowers water oxygen levels and kills aquatic organisms
Eutrofication
An excess of these in a body of water can cause an algal bloom
Nitrogen and phosphorus
In the water cycle, water leaves the atmosphere through
Precipitation
In the water cycle, groundwater is stored in
Aquifers
Which cycle is being described here? The nutrient is found in rocks, which are broken down by weather and deposited into water and soil. The nutrient, now in the water and soil, is brought to the root of the plants, which are consumed by herbivores which are eaten by consumers. Consumers die are decomposed and the nutrient returns to the soil and sometimes to be formed back into rock and have the cycle start again
Phosphorus cycle
Volcanic eruptions release harmful air pollutants into the atmosphere. Human activity alcan also contribute to air pollution. Air pollution caused by volcanoes is natural. While air pollution cause by humans is said to be
Anthropogenic
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