Chapter 8 Metabolism

Term
1 / 25
In an experiment, a researcher prepares a reaction mixture by dissolving a substance in a buffered solution. The substance is the substrate of a certain enzyme. The researcher adds a small amount of the enzyme to the reaction mixture and measures the amount of product that is formed over time. The data are represented in Figure 1.

Which of the following best predicts the immediate result of adding more substrate to the reaction mixture at the point indicated by the arrow in Figure 1?
Click the card to flip 👆
Terms in this set (25)
In an experiment, a researcher prepares a reaction mixture by dissolving a substance in a buffered solution. The substance is the substrate of a certain enzyme. The researcher adds a small amount of the enzyme to the reaction mixture and measures the amount of product that is formed over time. The data are represented in Figure 1.

Which of the following best predicts the immediate result of adding more substrate to the reaction mixture at the point indicated by the arrow in Figure 1?
The amount of product will increase until the reaction reaches its equilibrium point or until the substrate is used up by the reaction.
Which of the following types of reactions would decrease the entropy within a cell?
anabolic reactions
Which of the following statements about enzyme function is true?
Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy barriers.
Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy?
a molecule of glucose
Which of the following statements is an important consequence of the first law of thermodynamics for a living organism?
An organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary energy for life from its environment.
Which of the following graphs most likely describes the effect of pH on the function of the enzyme catalase in human cells? Note: The x-axis is pH and the y-axis is enzyme activity.
C
Image: Which of the following graphs most likely describes the effect of pH on the function of the enzyme catalase in human cells? Note: The x-axis is pH and the y-axis is enzyme activity.
Which of the following statements is true for all exergonic reactions?
The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy.
Researchers investigated the influence of environmental on the activity of peroxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen gas. In an experiment, the researchers added a hydrogen peroxide solution containing guaiacol to several identical test tubes and adjusted the solution in each test tube to a different . The researchers included the guaiacol because it caused the solutions to change color as the reactions proceeded, which the researchers relied on for measuring reaction rates. Finally, the researchers added the same amount of peroxidase to each test tube and measured the rate of each reaction at . The results of the experiment are represented in Figure 1.
Peroxidase activity will decrease.
How do cells use the ATP cycle illustrated in the figure?
Cells use the cycle to recycle ADP and phosphate.
Image: How do cells use the ATP cycle illustrated in the figure?
Which of the following aspects of enzyme structure is best described by a clasping handshake analogy?
the specific manner in which an enzyme binds substrate
Living organisms increase in complexity as they grow, resulting in a decrease in the entropy of an organism. How does this relate to the second law of thermodynamics?The decrease in entropy is associated with growth of an organism. As a consequence of growth, organisms cause a greater increase in entropy in their environment than the decrease in entropy associated with their increased complexity.Which of the following statements describes a key component of the induced fit hypothesis of enzyme catalysis?Binding of substrate to the active site changes the shape of the active site of an enzyme.A student designs an experiment to investigate the influence of temperature on enzyme function. The student's plan is presented in Table 1. Which test tubes are controls in the experiment?Test tubes 1, 3, 5, and 7Which of the following statements describes the first law of thermodynamics?Energy cannot be created or destroyed.When chemical, transport, or mechanical work is done by an organism, what happens to the heat generated?It is lost to the environment.If an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain a fasteradd more of the enzyme.Which of the following statements describes a central role that ATP plays in cellular metabolism?ATP provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions.Which of the following statements is a logical consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?Each chemical reaction in an organism must increase the total entropy of the universe.Which of the following characteristics is most likely to be associated with an enzyme that catalyzes two different chemical reactions?Either the enzyme has two distinct active sites or the substrates involved in the two reactions have very similar structures.Which of the following statements about anabolic pathways is true?They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers.Which of the following statements is true of metabolism in its entirety in all organisms?Metabolism consists of all the energy transformation reactions in an organism.Which of the following is a primary function of the active site of an enzyme?It catalyzes the reaction associated with the enzyme.What is the name of the thermodynamic barrier that must be overcome before products are formed in a spontaneous reaction?activation energyThe relationship between catabolism and anabolism is most similar to the relationship between which of the following pairs of terms?exergonic; endergonicIf an enzyme is added to a solution where its substrate and product are in equilibrium, what will occur?Nothing; the reaction will stay at equilibrium.