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Chapters 3-6 Embryology

Terms in this set (120)

The folding of the embryo during prenatal development causes _____ to be on the _____.
endoderm; inside of embryo
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Which of the following tissues listed will develop from the ectoderm layer of the embryo during prenatal development?
Epidermis
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Which of the following structures initially forms during the third week of prenatal development?
Primitive streak
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From which embryonic layer is mesoderm derived during prenatal development?
Epiblast layer
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Which of the following statements concerning prenatal development is correct?
Initiation of embryonic layers occurs during first week.
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Which period of prenatal development is characterized by increased cellular differentiation?
Preimplantation period
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Found in early prenatal development, the neural tube will form in the future which of the following structures?
Spinal cord
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The primitive streak forms in the embryonic disc during prenatal development, causing
bilateral symmetry.
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The neural crest cells migrate from which embryonic structures during prenatal development?
Neural folds
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During prenatal development, the oropharyngeal membrane of the embryo
is located superior to first branchial arch
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During which week of prenatal development does the neural plate differentiate?
Third week
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By the end of the first week of prenatal development, the blastula stops traveling and undergoes
implantation.
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In which of the following do the final stages of meiosis occur during prenatal development?
Ovum
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How many X-type chromosomes are necessary for the embryo to become of the female gender when present during prenatal development?
Two
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When does the blastocyst stop traveling and undergo implantation during prenatal development?
First week
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What best characterizes the first week of prenatal development so that the blastocyst splits into smaller and more numerous cells?
Mitotic cleavage
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A prenatal diagnostic procedure to detect chromosomal abnormalities is
amniocentesis
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Which of the following can occur that mainly involves the abnormal development of one or more structures from ectoderm within the embryonic period?
Ectodermal dysplasia
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How many pairs of somites form the cuboidal segments of mesoderm within the embryo during the third week of prenatal development?
38
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What exact cells are localized to the neural plate of the embryo during the third week of prenatal development?
Neuroectoderm
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What exact cells or structures develop from neuroectoderm and migrate from the neural folds to then join mesoderm to form mesenchyme during the third week of prenatal development?
Neural crest cells
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If there is failure of migration of the neural crest cells to the facial region during prenatal development, _____ can develop in the embryo
Treacher Collins syndrome
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Implantation of the zygote may also occur outside the uterus during prenatal development with a(n)
ectopic pregnancy
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What is the exact term for the process that affords the development of specific tissue structure or differing form due to embryonic cell migration and inductive interactions?
Morphogenesis
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What is the prenatal organ that joins the pregnant female and the developing embryo during the second week of prenatal development?
Placenta
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The medial nasal processes are involved directly in the formation of the embryo's _____ of the nose during prenatal development.
bridge
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The philtrum of the upper lip forms during sixth week of prenatal development from the
medial nasal processes
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The mandibular arch during the embryonic period of prenatal development is the
fusion of two paired mandibular processes
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A type of cleft lip can result during prenatal development from the lack of fusion between _____ processes.
medial nasal and maxillary
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In which week of prenatal development does facial development begin in the embryo?
Fourth
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Which of the following facial structures is formed from the mandibular arch during prenatal development?
Lower face
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Which of the following phrases concerning the second pharyngeal or branchial arch during prenatal development is correct?
Contains Reichert cartilage.
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From which structure during prenatal development is the palatine tonsillar tissue derived?
Second pharyngeal pouches
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The frontonasal process is a swelling that appears over the developing brain in the embryo during prenatal development and forms the future
forehead
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Which of the following tissue usually uses both interstitial and appositional growth to attain its final size?
Cartilage
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Which of the following statements concerning facial development is correct?
All three embryonic layers are involved in facial development
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The _____ are rounded areas of specialized, thickened ectoderm found at the location of developing special sense organs
placodes
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The facial development that starts in the fourth week will be completed later in the _____ week within the fetal period.
twelfth
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How many processes are considered major during facial development so that they become the centers of growth for the face?
Five
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Which of the following marks the end of the major growth of the lower two-thirds of the face?
Eruption of permanent third molars at approximately 17 to 21 years of age.
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What is the first event in the development of the face during the later part of the fourth week of prenatal development?
Disintegration of oropharyngeal membrane
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What does the maxillary process form from during the fourth week of prenatal development?
Mandibular arch
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The fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes to form the upper lip is completed during the end of the _____ week of prenatal development, when the grooves between the processes are obliterated
seventh
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The maxillary processes on each side of the developing face partially fuse with the mandibular arch on each side to create the
labial commissures
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The development of the neck parallels the development of the face over time, beginning during the fourth week of prenatal development within the embryonic period and completed during the _____ period.
fetal
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The anterior part of the foregut and will form the primitive pharynx and the foregut is originally derived from the
endoderm embryonic cell layer.
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Which of the following is not part of the developing pharyngeal or branchial apparatus during cervical development?
Branchial cleft cysts
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When the second pharyngeal or branchial groove occasionally does not become obliterated, it has parts that remain after cervical development and can form a
branchial cleft cyst.
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The developmental disturbance of cleft lip is more commonly found
in males.
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When do the paranasal sinuses develop during prenatal development?
Fetal period and after birth
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Which of the following contribute to the philtrum during prenatal development?
Two medial nasal processes
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During what time period during prenatal development does the nose start to have a more mature elevated appearance?
Fetal period
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From what is the nasal cavity derived from during prenatal development?
Nasal pits
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In which way do the lens placodes migrate after appearing during prenatal development?
Medially
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A patient has a slowly enlarging painless swelling within the lateral neck tissue just inferior to the angle of the mandible and along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Which of the following should mainly be considered to explain this situation?
Remnants from hyoid arch
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Which of the following structures is initially formed during the fifth week of prenatal development?
Intermaxillary segment
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During which week of prenatal development is the palate completed?
Twelfth
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What structure partially separates the nasal and oral cavities in the fifth week of prenatal development?
Primary palate
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The tongue develops from multiple swellings derived from the
first four pharyngeal or branchial arches.
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The fusion of the two palatal shelves with the primary palate is dependent on the
change in the position of tongue.
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When is the palate formed during prenatal development?
Spanning both embryonic and fetal periods
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What part of the final palate does the secondary palate give rise to?
Two-thirds of hard palate
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Considering the developmental disturbance of cleft palate, which of the following statements is correct?
May be isolated or associated with other abnormalities.
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When does tongue development occur during prenatal development?
During fourth to eighth week
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The _____ is a superficial demarcation of the line of fusion of the two lateral lingual swellings during tongue development, as well as that of a deeper fibrous structure.
median lingual sulcus
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As the tongue develops still further, the copula of the tongue base, after overgrowing the second pharyngeal or branchial arch, merges with the anterior swellings of the first pharyngeal or branchial arch of the tongue body, with the fusion is superficially demarcated by the
sulcus terminalis.
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During tongue development, what does the epiglottic swelling develop from?
First four pharyngeal or branchial arches
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Which of the following statements concerning tongue disturbances is correct?
Ankyloglossia may be associated with other craniofacial abnormalities.
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Which of the following statements concerning palatal developmental is correct?
Palatal fusion allows fusion of swellings or tissue from different surfaces of embryo.
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Which of the following statements concerning tongue development is correct?
Tongue development begins as triangular median swelling or tuberculum impar
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Which paired processes fuse to form the intermaxillary segment internally within the embryo during prenatal development?
Medial nasal processes
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During the sixth week of prenatal development, within the embryonic period, the bilateral maxillary processes give rise to paired
palatal shelves.
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The small paired nasopalatine canals are represented in the mature hard palate by the
incisive foramen
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The intermaxillary segment is an internal wedge-shaped mass that extends inferiorly and deep to the nasal pits on the
inside of stomodeum
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Which teeth are associated with the further development of the primary palate?
Maxillary incisors
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To complete the palate, in which direction does the involved structures gradually fuse?
Anterior to posterior
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When does the nasal cavity form during prenatal development?
During fifth to twelfth week
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Which of the following completions of development allows the paired nasal cavity and the single oral cavity in the fetus to become completely separate?
Nasal septum and final palate completion
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Around the lingual swellings, the cells degenerate, forming a sulcus, which frees the body of the tongue from the floor of the mouth, except for the attachment of the
lingual frenum.
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Which way does the sulcus terminalis point toward the oropharynx after tongue development?
Backward
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Which of the following is not a nerve that innervates the tongue as noted during somite formation with prenatal development?
Accessory nerve
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What should a patient, with dental professional encouragement, attempt initially with a short attachment of the lingual frenum that extends to the tongue apex?
Waiting for improvement
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Which lingual papillae appear first during prenatal development?
Foliate and circumvallate lingual papillae
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What fuses with the nasal septum after its formation during prenatal development?
Completed palate
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What complication is still possible after the presence of the least complicated form of cleft palate in a patient?
Velopharyngeal insufficiency affecting speech
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What happens to the specific cells from the enamel organ that will differentiate into preameloblasts?
Their nuclei repolarize
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Which embryonic structure is specifically responsible for the development of the root?
Cervical loop
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If a tooth has two roots, how many horizontal epithelial extensions or flaps will be involved in its root formation?
Two
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During root development, the Hertwig epithelial root sheath is entirely composed of
inner and outer enamel epithelium.
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The dental lamina is an embryonic structure that develops from the
oral epithelium.
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Enamel hypocalcification is a type of enamel dysplasia that involves
interference in metabolic processes of ameloblasts
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Which of the following statements concerning active eruption of a permanent succedaneous tooth is correct?
Shedding of associated primary tooth is intermittent.
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How many buds in the dental lamina appear along each dental arch during odontogenesis of the primary dentition?
10
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Nonsuccedaneous permanent teeth develop from buds that grow off an extension of
each primary second molar's dental lamina.
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During the cap stage of tooth development, the tooth germ consists of
enamel organ, dental sac, and dental papilla
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The outer cells of the dental papilla are induced to differentiate during tooth development into
odontoblasts
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Which of the following embryonic structures becomes the dentinoenamel junction during completion of tooth development?
Basement membrane between enamel organ and dental papilla
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Which of the following structures is not part of the enamel organ?
Odontoblastic layer
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Which part of the tooth germ is the primary source for the periodontal ligament of the tooth?
Dental sac
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Which part of the enamel organ is the main source of the junctional epithelium?
Stratum intermedium
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The overlapping period between the primary and permanent dentition is best considered the _____ period.
mixed dentition
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Which of the following statements is correct when considering odontogenesis?
Parallels formation of the face.
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The initiation stage of odontogenesis mainly involves the process of
induction.
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Where does the dental lamina begin to form first in the developing dental arches?
Near midline
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Which permanent teeth undergo partial anodontia the most within the developing oral cavity?
Third molars
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What is the known etiology of supernumerary teeth?
Hereditary factors
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Which of the following permanent teeth can be considered nonsuccedaneous?
Molars
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Which of the following is the most common complication associated with dens in dente?
Lingual pit formation
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Which stage of tooth formation occurs for the primary dentition during the eleventh and twelfth week of prenatal development?
Bell stage
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What term describes the movement of the nuclei within the inner enamel epithelium as the tissue forms into preameloblasts?
Repolarization
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What is the angled part of the ameloblast that secretes the enamel matrix?
Tomes process
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Where does development of the initial teeth for both dentitions occur?
Anterior mandibular region
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During what period of prenatal development is most of the permanent dentition formed?
Fetal period
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Lack of initiation within the dental lamina results in the absence of a single tooth or multiple teeth, producing
anodontia.
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Tubercles are a developmental disturbance that occurs during the cap stage of tooth development with both dentitions, but with the permanent dentition it can be mainly noted on the
occlusal surface of third molars
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What is it considered when the patient has a large set of jaws but the dentition appears smaller by comparison?
Relative microdontia
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Which of the following cannot be considered a factor for anodontia?
Single mutated gene
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Which of the following is a correct statement concerning the role of neural crest cells in prenatal development of teeth and associated tissue?
Periodontium formation
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Which of the following specifically orchestrates the future crown form of the tooth, such as cusps in developing posterior teeth?
Enamel knot
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Which of the following needs to be considered when there appears to be a tooth within a tooth on patient radiograph?
Dens in dente
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