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Module 9: Carbohydrate Metabolism (PPT)

Terms in this set (18)

Lactose intolerance
is a common disorder in adults and results from a lack of the enzyme lactase, which converts lactose (disaccharides - found in dairy products) into glucose monosaccharides.
Galactosemia
"galactose in the blood"
Galactosemia
refers to a group of inherited disorders that impair the body's ability to process and produce energy from a sugar called galactose.
Carbohydrate metabolism
is a fundamental biochemical
the process that ensures a constant supply of energy to
living cells.
Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway
Glycolysis is also referred to as
Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway
each glucose molecule is split and converted to two three-carbon units (pyruvate). During this process several carbon atoms are oxidized.
ATP, NADH
The small amount of energy captured during glycolytic reactions (about 5% of the total available) is stored temporarily in two molecules each of
feedback inhibition
a kind of regulation that opccurs when the action of the enzyme is inhibited by the presence of its products
malate-aspartate shuttle
a biochemical system for translocating electrons produced during glycolysis across the semipermeable inner membrane of the
mitochondrion for oxidative phosphorylation
cytosol
Where does malate dehydrogenase catalyses the reaction of oxaloacetate and NADH to produce malate and NAD+.?
25 ATP
molecules of ATPs in total are produced from 2 moles of pyruvate passing through the rest of the processes of cellular respiration, using the malate-aspartate shuttle
Krebs cycle
proper starts with the condensation of acetyl
CoA and oxaloacetate, catalyzed by the enzyme citrate
synthase to form 6 CARBON COMPOUNDS
Citrate synthase
enzyme that catalyzes to start the kREBS CYCLE to form 6 carbon compounds
Propionate
gets converted to glucose by entering the Krebs cycle through Methyl malonyl CoA converted to
succinyl CoA
10
molecules of ATP are produced from one molecule of
acetyl CoA passing through the Krebs cycle and
undergoing oxidative phosphorylation in the inner
mitochondrial membrane
8
molecules of ATP utilized for 4 moles of glucose
undergoing only the energy investment phase of
glycolysis.
conserve energy as ATP from the catabolism of carbohydrates.
The goal of glycolysis, glycogenolysis, and the citric acid cycle is to
Ketosis
is a metabolic state characterized by elevated levels of ketone
bodies in the blood or urine.
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