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BIOL 2150 exam 4 practice questions

Terms in this set (70)

Which of the following is not a component of the respiratory system?
A. Nose
B. Pharynx
C. Trachea
D. Esophagus
Esophagus
What connects the nasal cavity to the nasopharynx?
A. The external nares
B. The internal nares
C. The vestibule
D. The fauces
The internal nares
The majority of the upper respiratory tract has what epithelial cell type?
A. Ciliated Squamous
B. Non-ciliated Cuboidal
C. Ciliated Pseudostratified columnar
D. Non-Ciliated Pseudostratified columnar
Ciliated Pseudostratified columnar
What is the function of the mucus secreted into the respiratory tract?
A. To provide a place for bacteria to grow
B. To trap and remove small particles from air C. To aide digestion
D. To help with sound production in the vocal cords
To trap and remove small particles from air
Which of the following areas is closed off during swallowing by the soft palate and uvula?
A. Nasopharynx
B. Oropharynx
C. Laryngopharynx
D. The Larynx
Nasopharynx
What structure is immediately superior to the trachea?
A. Nasopharynx
B. Oropharynx
C. Laryngopharynx
D. The Larynx
The Larynx
High pitch sound is created when which of the following occur?
A. Tension in the vocal cords is decreased
B. The glottis widens
C. Tension in the vocal cords is increased
D. Air forced across the vocal cords is increased
Tension in the vocal cords is increased
Which of the following layers of the wall of the trachea houses rings of cartilage?
A. Mucosa
B. Submucosa
C. Adventitia
D. Basal lamina
Adventitia
Which of the following structures is asymmetric between the left and right lung?
A. The primary bronchi
B. The size of the lungs
C. The number of lobes
D. All of the above
All the above
How is inhaled debris removed from the alveoli?
A. The sweeping motion of cilia on the alveoli epithelial cells
B. The phagocytic action of Type II cells
C. Macrophages inside the alveoli
D. All of the above
Macrophages inside the alveoli
Which of the following is the respiratory membrane?
A. The Alveolar membrane
B. The Basal Lamina
C. The Capillary membrane
D. All of the above
All of the above
What is the function of surfactant?
A. It lubricates the surface of cells
B. It helps remove accumulated alveolar debris
C. It helps to prevent alveoli from collapsing
D. All of the above
It helps to prevent alveoli from collapsing
Which of the following lung sections is surrounded by hexagonal connective tissue?
A. The Bronchopulmonary segments
B. The Lobes
C. The Lobules
D. The Hilus
The lobules
Which of the following is true regarding blood in the bronchial circulation?
A. It is deoxygenated in the bronchial arteries
B. Most is returned to the heart via the bronchial veins
C. Most is returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins
D. It supplies the epithelial cells of the alveoli with oxygen
Most is returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins
Where are the visceral pleura located?
A. Attached to the inside thoracic wall
B. Directly on top of the diaphragm
C. Attached to the surface of the lungs
D. All of the above
Attached to the surface of the lungs
What happens when the pressure inside the thoracic cavity increases?
A. An intra-alveolar vacuum is formed
B. Air flows into the lungs
C. Air flow out of the lungs
D. There is no air flow through the lungs
Air flow out of the lungs
Where in the respiratory system is the pressure always below atmospheric pressure?
A. The bronchi
B. The alveoli
C. The pleural cavity
D. The alveolar ducts
The pleural cavity
Which of the following is defined as the 'volume of air still present in the lungs after total expiration'?
A. The tidal volume
B. The vital capacity
C. The lung capacity
D. The residual volume
The residual volume
Which of the following is true regarding the partial pressures of gases on the alveoli compared to those in air?
A. The Po2 is lower and the Pco2 is higher
B. The Po2 is higher and the Pco2 is lower
C. The Po2 is lower and the Pco2 is lower
D. The Po2 is higher and the Pco2 is higher
The Po2 is lower and the Pco2 is higher
Even though the pressure gradient for CO2 across the respiratory membrane is low (5mmHg), CO2 readily diffuses down this gradient because.......
A. It is a very small molecule
B. It is repelled by Red Blood cells
C. It is very soluble
D. It is attached to oxygen
It is very soluble
During the gradient driven loading of 4 molecules of O2 Hemoglobin (Hb) changes shape. This shape change results in which of the following?
A. The first molecule of O2 binds to Hb most easily
B. The second and third O2 molecules bind most easily
C. The fourth O2 binds most easily
D. All 4 molecules of O2 bind with the same affinity
The fourth O2 binds most easily
During the gradient driven unloading of each molecule of O2 Hemoglobin (Hb) changes shape. This shape change results in which of the following?
A. The first molecule of O2 detaches from Hb more easily than the others
B. The second and third O2 molecules detach more easily
C. The fourth O2 detaches most easily
D. All 4 molecules of O2 detach at the same time
The fourth O2 detaches most easily
Is blood in the venous system oxygenated?
A. No
B. Yes about 25%
C. Yes about 50%
D. Yes about 75%
Yes about 75%
If the rate of metabolism increases, which of the following will occur?
A. Demand for CO2 will increase
B. Tissue production of O2 will decrease
C. Demand for O2 will increase
D. Rate of ventilation will decrease
Demand for O2 will increase
If the rate of metabolism increases, which of the following will occur?
A. Hemoglobin will increase its affinity for O2
B. Hemoglobin will decrease its affinity for O2
C. Hemoglobin will not change its affinity for O2
D. Hemoglobin will change its affinity for CO2
Hemoglobin will decrease its affinity for O2
The majority of CO2 is carried in the blood...
A. Dissolved in plasma
B. Bound to Hemoglobin
C. In red blood cells as bicarbonate
D. In plasma as bicarbonate
In plasma as bicarbonate
If blood pH falls (becomes more acidic) which of the following will occur?
A. H2CO3 will dissociate
B. More H2CO3 will be formed
C. H+ ions will combine with Cl- ions
D. All of the above
More H2CO3 will b formed
Which set of neurons in the brain stem set the pace for respiration?
A. The Dorsal respiratory group
B. The Ventral respiratory group
C. The pneumotaxic center
D. All of the above
The Ventral Respiratory group
A person who cannot breathe when lying down suffers from which of the following?
A. Eupnea
B. Apnea
C. Cheyne-stokes breathing
D. Orthopnea
Orthopnea
Which of the following can modify the rate and depth of breathing?
A. Smoke and dust
B. Emotions
C. Temperature
D. All of the above
All of the above
What is the Herring-Breuer reflex?
A. A gag reflex
B. Prevents the lungs from collapsing
C. Prevents the lungs from over stretching
D. Helps remove mucus from the lungs
Prevents the lungs from over stretching
The most potent chemical(s) for control of respiration is which of the following?
A. CO2
B. O2
C. Cl-
D. All of the above
CO2
What is the alimentary canal?
A) The Esophagus only
B) The Small and large intestine only
C) The Pharynx and Esophagus only
D) The Gastrointestinal tract
The Gastrointestinal tract
Which of the following are accessory digestive organs?
A) The Teeth
B) The Gall Bladder
C) The Liver
D) All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is involved in the Mechanical Digestion of food?
A) Chewing
B) Stomach contractions
C) Segmentation
D) All of the above
All of the Above
The Alimentary Canal is considered to be...
A) Inside the body
B) Outside the body
C) An appendix to the body
D) None of the above
Outside the body
Which serous membrane covers the external surface of the digestive organs?
A) The Visceral Peritoneum
B) The Abdominal Peritoneum
C) The Parietal Peritoneum
D) The Pleural Peritoneum
The Visceral Peritoneum
What is the function of the Mucosa that lines the lumen of the digestive system?
A) Protection against infection
B) Provides structure in the form of loose connective tissue
C) Muscular contractions
D) All of the above
All of the Above
The Enteric Nervous System is stimulated by which of the following?A) The voluntary nervous system
B) The autonomic nervous system
C) The afferent nervous system
D) All of the above
The autonomic nervous system
A stringy viscous fluid is produced by which type of Salivary Gland?A) The Parotid Gland
B) The Sublingual Gland
C) The Intrinsic Salivary Glands
D) All of the above
The sublingual gland
What is found in the peritoneal cavity?
A) The intestines
B) The liver
C) The alimentary canal
D) Serous fluid
Serous Fluid
Which of the 4 layers that make up the alimentary canal contains the Muscularis Mucosae?
A) Mucosa
B) Submucosa
C) Muscularis Externa
D) Serosa
Mucosa
Where does the Chemical digestion of food begin?
A) The esophagus
B) The Mouth
C) The stomach
D) The Small Intestine
The Mouth
What type of epithelial cell is found in the pharynx?
A) Simple squamous epithelia
B) Stratified squamous epithelia
C) Cuboidal epithelia
D) All of the above
Stratified squamous epithelia
Which of the following regarding the esophagus is true during a period of fasting?
A) It is collapsed
B) It is open
C) It becomes shortened
D) It becomes longer
It is collapsed
Which of the following is true regarding the Pyloric Sphincter?
A) Is located at the Cardiac membrane
B) Also called the Gastroesophageal sphincter
C) Open when food is not passing through
D) None of the above
None of the above
The ability of the stomach to expand is due to which of the following structures?
A) Microvilli
B) Villi
C) Rugae
D) Pyloric Sphincter
Rugae
An oblique layer of smooth muscle can be found in the Muscularis Externa of.......
A) The Pharynx
B) The Stomach
C) The Small Intestine
D) The Large Intestine
The Stomach
What is the main ingredient in saliva?
A) Enzymes
B) Metabolic waste
C) Proteins
D) Water
Water
Chemical digestion of which food group occurs in the stomach?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Fats
D) All of the above
Proteins
Which of the following stimulates secretion of gastric juice?
A) The Parasympathetic nervous system
B) The Sympathetic nervous system
C) The Voluntary nervous system
D) All of the above
The Parasympathetic nervous system
Which gastric gland cells secrete pepsinogen?
A) Mucous Neck cells
B) Parietal Cells
C) Chief cells
D) Enteroendocrine cells
Chief Cells
What is the outcome of the Enterogastric reflex?
A) The Pyloric Sphincter opens
B) Increase in gastric secretion
C) Inhibition of the Vagal Nerve
D) All of the above
Inhibition of the Vagal Nerve
In which of the following organs does peristalsis occur?
A) The Stomach
B) The Small Intestine
C) The Kidney
D) All of the above
All of the above
What sets the rhythm for peristalsis?
A) Brain stem nuclei
B) The Vagus nerve
C) Pacemaker cells
D) All of the above
Pacemaker cells
A meal heavy in which of the following will slow gastric emptying?
A) Protein
B) Carbohydrates
C) Fats
D) Roughage
Fats
Which of the following is true regarding the Sphincter of Oddi?
A) It controls the entry of Bile into the duodenum
B) It controls the entry of Pancreatic juices into the duodenum
C) It is also called the Hepatopancreatic sphincter
D) All of the above
All of the above
What is a lacteal?
A) A secretory cell
B) An absorptive columnar cell
C) A lymph capillary
D) A finger-like projection of the mucosa
A lymph capillary
What are Payer's Patches?
A) Lysozyme releasing cells
B) Aggregates of lymphoid tissue
C) Areas of dense epithelial cells
D) All of the above
Aggregates of lymphoid tissue
Which of the following stimulates the gallbladder to contract?
A) Secretin
B) Cholecystokinin
C) Sympathetic nervous system
D) Proteins
Cholecystokinin
The substance secreted by the pancreas.......
A) contains inactive enzymes
B) contains active enzymes
C) has a high pH
D) All of the above
All of the above
What is the maximum capacity of the stomach?
A) 500mls
B) 1 liter
C) 4 liters
D) 8 liters
4 liters
The superior (top) portion of the stomach is called the......
A) Rugae
B) Fundus
C) Body
D) Pylorus
Fundus
What is the Greater Omentum?
A) The largest part of the stomach
B) The largest part of the Rectum
C) A mesentery that connects the stomach to the intestines
D) A mesentery that connects the stomach to the liver
A mesentery that connects the stomach to the intestines
The gastric glands of children secrete an additional enzyme, what is it?
A) Pepsin
B) Rennin
C) Mucosin
D) Lactasin
Rennin
How often is the stomach epithelium replaced?
A) Every 24 hours
B) Every 3-4 days
C) Every month
D) Every 6 months
Every 3-4 days
The aroma of food triggers which phase of gastric secretion?
A) The Cephalic phase
B) The Gastric Phase
C) The Intestinal Phase
D) All of the above
The Cephalic phase
The majority of gastric juice is produced during which phase of gastric secretion?
A) The Cephalic phase
B) The Gastric Phase
C) The Intestinal Phase
D) All of the above
The Gastric Phase
How soon after consuming a normal meal is the stomach empty?
A) I hour
B) 4 hours
C) 12 hours
D) 24 hours
4 hours
What is secreted by Paneth cells?
A) Acid
B) Alkali
C) Lysozyme
D) All of the above
Lysozyme
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