Pharmacology Chapter 2

Which is the best description of a toxic reaction to a drug?
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Terms in this set (15)
Which is the best description of a toxic reaction to a drug?
Deleterious adverse effect
Two patients, one thin and one obese, each receive a highly lipid soluble drug. Which difference in pharmacokinetics does the nurse expect in the obese patient as compared with the thin patient?
Drug elimination will be slowed.
A patient states he is allergic to the medication the nurse is ready to administer to him. Which action should be implemented next?
Withhold the medication and notify the prescriber of the situation.
A patient takes two medications. Drug A is taken once per day; drug B is taken every 8 hours. Which conclusion about drug A is correct?
It has a longer half-life than drug B.
Which aspect of pharmakinetics should the nurse be most concerned with when caring for a patient with abnormal functioning of hepatic enzymes?
metabolism
Which effect of protein binding on drugs in the bloodstream is accurate?
inactivation of the drug
A patient is receiving a medication to increase urine output. The patient's urinary output increases significantly and the blood pressure decreases slightly. Which type of side effect is a decrease in blood pressure?
Common
Which is the most common symptom of a hypersensitivity reaction to a medication?
urticaria
Which aspect of genetic makeup is most likely to alter a person's response to medication?
Metabolism
A patient is taking an antacid concurrently with ketoconazole. The antacid inhibits the dissolution of ketoconazole. Which term accurately describes this result?
drug interaction
All drugs are processed in the body through pharmacokinetics. What is the correct order that drugs pass through the body?absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretionWhich route of administration has the fastest rate of distribution?intravenousWhen the nurse administers a 50-mg dose of a drug with a half-life of 6 hours, how many milligrams will remain in the body at 243.13 mg Rationale: The half-life of a drug is the time required for 50% of the drug to be eliminated from the body. In this example at 24 hours, 6.25% or 3.13 mg of the drug would remain in the body.A patient is being started on a new drug that has been used safely by many people for years. The patient has no known allergies, and the nurse administers the drug correctly. Suddenly the patient experiences cardiac arrest. What is this type of reaction called?Idiosyncratic Rationale: Because the drug was a known safe drug and the patient had no known reason not to receive it, the response to the drug in this case was totally unexpected, or idiosyncratic. An allergic response is typically preceded by such reactions as rash, hives, tingling, or swelling.A patient reports postoperative pain, and the nurse administers morphine (a narcotic analgesic) intravenously to ease the pain. Fifteen minutes later, the nurse notes that the patient is very drowsy, respirations are slow and shallow, and oxygen saturation is low. The nurse administers another drug that decreases the action of the morphine. What is this effect called?antagonistic Rationale: The morphine had a greater-than-desired effect on the patient. Because the drug was given intravenously, it is impossible to remove the drug from the patient's bloodstream. Therefore, the nurse does the next best thing and administers another drug that interferes with the action of the first, otherwise known as an antagonistic effect. The result is a decrease in the action of the original drug. The second drug is sometimes referred to as the antidote to the first.