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Social Impacts of Technology Lesson 1, part 2

Terms in this set (51)

Evidence found in the Olduvai Gorge (near the Great Rift Valley in northeast Africa) showed that our human ancestors were using simple stone tools some ________ ________ years ago.
2.5 million
Fire came into use among our hominid ancestors (such as Homo erectus) about ________ ________ years ago.
1.5 million
More sophisticated tools such as hand axes were developed about ________ ________ years ago.
1.6 million
Our species, Homo sapiens sapiens, appeared about ________ BCE.
200,000
Clothing was in use from about ________ years ago. Cave art also appeared around this time.
170,000
The cave paintings found in the Lascaux region of southwest France date from the ________ ________ period (c. 1770 BCE). They are attributed to our first fully human ancestors, the ________-________. This type of cave art offers evidence that the bow was designed early in human history and it shows that early humans worked together to solve problems.
1) Upper Paleolithic
2) Cro-Magnons
The so-called Venus of Willendorf is is stone figure about 4.4 inches tall. It dates from about ________ to ________ BCE.
1) 28,000
2) 25,000
The ________ ________ ________ is one of many similar artifacts discovered across Europe around the time ceramics were invented (c. ________ BCE). It tells us something about the status of women and may also hint at the religious significance of women in ancient times.
1) Venus of Willendorf
2) 25,000
Humans domesticated animals (the horse being key among them) beginning around ________ BCE.
15,000
They used bows, slings, and copper tools by around ________ BCE. Additionally humans began to develop crop agriculture and invented the plow around this time.
8,000
Early writing appeared around ________ BCE.
3,500
Bronze tools followed around ________ BCE along with the use of salt in trade and as currency.
3,300
Humans invented the wheel around ________ BCE probably in Mesopotamia. This invention is an example of ________ ________; that is, an invention that drove significant social change.
1) 2,500
2) transformative technology
The invention of the ________ lead to the development of different types of transport, from handcarts to chariots to carriages, bicycles, and motor cars.
wheel
________ may have been the first civilization. Was the major power of the Mediterranean for more than ________ years. Many mighty states arose and fell while it simply evolved.
1) Egypt
2) 3,000
Six noteworthy technological advances in Egypt are writing tools water clocks and glass making medical techniques creation of astonish artich of monuments papyrus
...
One noteworthy technological advance in Egypt was the development of ________, a system of writing.
hieroglyphics
A noteworthy technological advance in Egypt was the creation of simple tools such as the ________ and the ________.
1) ramp
2) lever
A few noteworthy technological advances in Egypt include the invention of _________ _________ and _________ techniques.
1) water clocks
2) glassmaking
A noteworthy technological advance in Egypt was the development of sophisticated _________ techniques.
medical
A noteworthy technological advance in Egypt includes the creation of astonishing architectural monuments, including the _________ _________, temples, and public buildings.
Great Pyramids
A noteworthy technological advance in Egypt was the use of _________ to produce the first written documents prior to the invention of paper.
papyrus
The _________ civilization of the Indus River Valley didn't produce written records for future generations to review. However, we still have some knowledge of this group based on the artifacts they've left behind.
Harappan
The Harappan were sophisticated urban planners with a keen understanding of engineering and construction. Their skills are evident in the complex of _________ _________. This site shows a clear urban grid and an elaborate sanitation system.
Mohenjo Daro
The _________ left behind evidence of advanced sailing craft technology. This suggests that seafaring was an important source of trade for these people. They may have sailed far and wide across the Indian Ocean.
Harappan
The region of _________ includes several distinct civilizations: the Sumerians, Akkadians, the Babylonians, the Assyrians, and the Hittites. By reviewing a map of the Middle East, you can trace the sequence of these five civilizations from the Persian Gulf to present-day Turkey.
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamians invented writing in the form of the _________ script.
cuneiform
_________ architects use stone and mud brick in building. This allowed for the construction of massive palaces and fortresses as well as extensive water systems for sanitation and irrigation purposes.
Mesopotamian
Mesopotamians also built _________ to transport people and goods.
canals
_________ astronomers were advanced enough to track the motions of the planets and predict eclipses.
Mesopotamian
For centuries, _________ was far more advanced than the West with respect to technology.
China
The Chinese invented paper around _________ BCE.
100
The _________ invented sliding calipers, matches, cast iron, suspension bridges, wheel barrows, parachutes, sea drills, iron plows, propellers, block printing type, crossbows, and gun powder.
Chinese
The Chinese also invented the compass. This was a _________ invention in human history, similar to the domestication of horses. In both cases, human culture was transformed. The compass allowed people to navigate the seas and explore lands beyond their immediate borders.
transformative
During the _________ Dynasty, huge Chinese cargo ships sailed the Indian Ocean as far as Africa. These trips were undertaken decades before the European Age of Exploration. Unfortunately, the conservative philosophical and political sentiments of later Chinese dynasties lead to the end of ocean voyages.
Ming
The _________ and _________ empires laid the framework for Western civilization.
1) Greek
2) Roman
Scholars often refer to the Greco-Roman period as the "_________ _________ _________ _________."
bedrock of Western culture
The Greeks and Romans made astonishing technological advances. For example, from _________ BCE to the rise of the _________ empire the Greeks invented or made use of the following;
1) gears and screws
2) rotary meals
3) bronze casting techniques
4) water clocks and water organs
5) torsion catapults
6) steam for experimental machines and toys
1) 500
2) Roman
In the early Roman era the Greeks improved _________, created _________ and developed advanced _________ techniques using sophisticated mathematics.
1) weapons
2) watermills
3) survey
The _________ also invented early versions of the canon (using compressed air), analog computers, fire hoses, odometers, alarm clocks, automated vending machines, and automatic doors.
Greeks
Philosophers like _________ and _________ of Alexandria asked deep philosophical questions.
1) Archimedes
2) Heron
The Hellenic period refers to ancient Greece between _________ BCE and _________ BCE.
1) 507
2) 323
During the Hellenic period, Alexander the Great, the king of Macedon, captured an enormous territory. In roughly a decade, Alexander conquered Greece, the Mediterranean, Persia, and parts of western India. However, after Alexander's sudden death at age 32 in _________ BCE, the regions he conquered fell into political chaos. Alexander's heirs and pretenders to power fought each other to a standstill.
323
Although conquered regions lacked political unity, they were still impacted by the Greek conquest. For example, people in these regions used a simplified version of the Greek language called _________. This common language allowed elements of Greek culture to seep into conquered territories, leading to a period referred to as the Hellenic period.
koine
The _________ _________ was written in koine, as were most significant documents from the Hellenic period.
New Testament
_________ was a central focus of the Hellenic period.
Egypt
After the death of Alexander, his lieutenant _________ ruled Egypt until Cleopatra, his final heir, committed suicide.
Ptolemy
Cleopatra killed herself after her alliance with Mark Antony was defeated in the naval _________ _________ _________ in 31 BCE.
Battle of Actium
Cleopatra and Mark Antony was defeated by the Roman conquerer _________, who would later be named _________ _________. His rise to power marked the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire.
1) Octavian
2) Agustus Caesar
The Ptolemaic cultural center at _________ produced many scientific discoveries and applications.
Alexandria
The _________ _________ _________ was one of the ancient worlds largest and most significant institutions. At one time, it contained the worlds largest archive of human knowledge, even after it was burned down and partially restored by Julius Ceaser.
Library of Alexandria
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