CADS 1740: Exam 4

a head, neck, torso (upper: chest and lower: pelvis), two arms, and two legs
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a head, neck, torso (upper: chest and lower: pelvis), two arms, and two legs
What are the main components of the standard human figure?
body shape
the 2D silhouette of the body
body form
the full body or a component of the body
height, bone structure, weight, proportional body areas, contour or weight distribution, symmetry, and posture
What are the seven ways in which the human body can vary?
body image
our mental perception of our bodies
people and culture
What is body image influenced by?
proportion
the relationship of each part of the body compared to every other part and to the relationship of each part to the total height and mass of the body (Body type and apparel lecture)
vertical and horizontal proportions
What are the 2 types of proportions?
vertical proportions
-describe lengthwise relationships
-can be expressed as: a ratio, fractions, head lengths
horizontal proportions
-describe width-wise or circumferential relationships
-typically focus on the: shoulders, bust, waist, hips, hemline (of a garment)
body breakpointspoints where the body silhouette changes in direction and creates an inward angle at the narrowest point or an outward angle at the widest pointthe distribution of muscles and fat around the skeleton creates the contour of the bodyWhat creates body contours?chest, upperarm, low hip, buttocks, and thighsWhat are some common locations of fat distribution?posturehow the body parts align and how the body frame is carriedA) balanced B) High-waisted C) Low-waistedWhat are the three vertical figure types listed here?Ideal, triangle, inverted triangle, rectangle, hourglass, diamond, tubular, ovalWhat are the horizontal body types?Ideal Body-balanced -shoulder and hip widths are equal -waist is narrower -high and low hips blend smoothly -from side: bust and buttocks balance each other -flat abdomen -slim arms and legsTrianglebottom-heavy -shoulders narrower than hip-thigh width -waist relatively narrower and lower -low hip curve -from side: smaller bust and larger buttocks -flat abdomen, which becomes thicker with ageinverted triangletop-heavy -shoulders wider than hip-thigh width -waist relatively wider and higher -high hip curves, low hips typically flatter - from side: larger bust and flatter buttocks -weight builds up around neck, chest, shoulders, arms, and high hiprectanglebalanced -shoulder, waist, and hip widths similar -almost no waist indentation -high hip curve is common, with square hips and flat thighs -from side: bust size varies, buttocks smaller and flatter -weight equally distributed around bodyhourglassbalanced -shoulders and large bust width balance a large hip width -narrow indented waist -rib cage and upper hips taper into waist -from side: large bust and smoothly rounded buttocks -weight evenly distributed above and below waistdiamondheavy-waisted -shoulders and hips relatively narrow with midsection -hips are straight or taper in at thighs -from side: small bust and flatter buttocks -thinner arms and legs -weight added to midriff, waist, abdomen, and high hip areastubularbalanced and thin -similar to rectangular figure but bone structure is more easily visible -shoulders, waist, and hips are narrow -from side: small bust and buttocks -thin arms and legsovalheavier and rounded -shoulders softer, upper arms heavier -bust, midriff, waist, abdomen, buttocks, hips and upper legs larger and rounded -more weight does not make someone an ovalto achieve visual harmony for the figureWhat is the goal when selecting apparel to change a body's shape?accommodate the figure, camouflage predictable figure variation, balance/counterbalance the figure, and create the illusion of perfect proportionsHow can you achieve the goal when selecting apparel to change a body's shape?evaluative conditioningthe transference of affective meaning that allows us to transfer the feelings and moods from music to a brand or productstaccatoshort time frame; abrupt and sharplegatolong time frame; connected and smoothtime (or duration) , pitch, and textureWhat are the three formal qualities of music?- pleasure from music is linked to the physiology of the body - music arouses and expresses emotions - music in ads has a significant impact on mood and purchase intention without affecting the cognitive assessment of the advertised product - music reinforces the emotional feeling of the brand or product use experienceWhat are some of the expressive qualities of music?1) formal qualities of the composition 2) images and memories evoked by the music 3) the title and lyrics of the piece 4) the genreWhat are the symbolic qualities of music?pitchthe frequency of vibrations per second: high to lowarticulationhow a sound is made, determining the length of time a note soundsdensitythe number of notes in a given amount of timetempothe speed, or rate, at which the pulses (notes) movemodea series of notes that provides the substance of a musical pieceenvironmental fragrancingwhen fragrances are added to environments with the intent of affecting consumer attitudes and behaviorsfloral, oriental, chypre, lavender, fougére, citrusWhat are the six classification of notes?floral-made from floral ingredients: roses, jasmine, narcissus, carnations - subgroups: green, fruity, fresh, sweet, aldehydic - examples: clinique happy, estee lauder pleasures, kenneth cole blackoriental-characterized by a heavy sweetness: balms, resins, indian spices, vanilla, nutmeg, cinnamon, pepper, and coriander -subgroups: sweet or spicy -examples: Hugo Bass Baldessarini, Ralph Lauren Chaps, Versace woman, and Prada by Pradachypre-characterized by the contrast between: fresh citrus and dry-woody oak moss -subgroups: women- fruity, floral, aldehydic; men- woody, leather, coniferous; unisex- fresh, green -examples for men: christian dior fahrenheit, geoffrey beene grey flannel, Ungaro Diva, Gres Cabaretlavender-characterized by a dominating freshness: lavender oil, smells dry, fresh, and herbaceous -subgroups: fresh or spicy -examples: Halson 101, and Caswell-Massey English LavenderFougére-characterized by a sweet and herbaceous smell: lavender, oak moss, coumarin, herbaceous-woody quality -subgroups: fresh, local, woody, sweet -examples: Calvin Klein Eternity for Men, Roberto Cavalli Man, Tommy Hilfiger Freedom for Himcitrus-characterized by freshness: lemon, tangerine, bergamot, orange blossom -subgroups: floral, fresh, green -Examples: Calvin Klein CK One, Dolce & Gabana D&G Masculine, Giorgio Armani Armani for men1) widely accepted cultural meanings 2) personal associations based on experience, memory, and fantasy 3) images from promotional activitiesWhat are the symbolic qualities of scent?Unitan identifiable part of the aesthetic formcomplexityrelates to the degree of stimulation from the number and physical quality of units, the degree of dissimilarity of units, and the level of organization in the arrangement of unitsnoveltythe perceived newness of the units and their organizationnumber of units, degree of interest of units, and cohesion of unitsIn what three ways can complexity and order be affected?number of unitsthe number of identifiable parts of the formdegree of interest of unitssome units are more stimulating than others (less regularity=more stimulation)cohesion of unitsthe sameness of units and the regularity of arrangement of these unitspart relationshipunits that appear separate from each other due to differences between the units and the irregularity of their arrangementwhole relationshipunits appear integrated with each other due to sameness between the units and the regularity of their arrangementbasicproducts with little demand for change in their simple stylingclassicstable styles with integrity of design and versatility coordinating easily with other apparel products and usually conforming to the shape of the bodyfashionproducts with more complex styling that generally undergoes move dramatic changepost-moderngenerally more complex, exaggerated styles not totally devoid or organization among the parts, though the organization may be less apparentbasicWhat type of clothing good is this an example of?classicsWhat type of clothing good is this an example of?fashionWhat type of clothing good is this an example of?post-modernWhat type of clothing good is this an example of?Represent the identity of the brand, which reflects a certain level of the complexity/order and novelty desired by the brand's target marketWhat do Developers need to do effectively in terms of C, O, & N?decrease complexity andprovide order for othersWhat do Gatekeepers need to do effectively in terms of C, O, & N?match complexity of shopping environment to customer preferences -cohesion of units will help catch customer's eyes -novelty will attract attention -degree of interest of the units will attract attention -degree of interest of the units will attract attentionWhat do Promoters need to do effectively in terms of C, O, & N?gestalt psychologyexplains how our brains interpret patterns in visual informationgestat principlesexplains the processes of perception that lead to visual organization of unitssimilarity of unitsrefer to the grouping of units by their samenessproximity of unitsrefer to the grouping of units by sameness and closeness in spaceclosurethe perception of implied shape from connection points, lines, or shapes, closure results in completed shapescontinuationthe following of a direct path, or line, through an interruption, or breakprinciples of design organizationThe components that artists use to arrange the Elements of Design to create a well-unified and visually varied composition: Rhythm, balance, proportion, and emphasisrhythm, balance, proportion, and emphasisWhat are the four principles of design organization?alternating rhythmcreated through repetition of a regular, predictable sequence, makes use of consistence units and similar intervals of occurrenceprogressive rhythmthe sequence includes a gradual change of units or placement of units, may become more complex by increasing the number of elements that are gradually changingbalancethe distribution of visual weight within the composition of 5P componentsfelt axisthe invisible horizontal or vertical axes against which visual weight is comparedvisual balancethe appearance that parts of a work offset each other in such a way that it will not fall oversymmetrical balancethe same units in the same positions on each side of a felt axis - a mirror image - least complex - easy to ID equal distribution of visual weight and order in the compositionasymmetrical balanceequal distribution of visual weight in relation to the felt axis, using different units or placement of units, or bothradial balancethe arrangement of units radiating from or encircling a central focal pointproportionthe relative size relationships among the units within a composition (chapter 12)in proportionwhen units are similar in size or follow the rule of the "Golden section"out of proportionwhen units appear extremely big or small in comparison to other unitsthe golden sectionratio of 3 to 5, applied to all shapes or lines (aka: divine proportion, the golden mean, the golden ratio)scalethe size relationship between a standard measure and a compositional unitemphasisan area of strong visual interest that attracts viewers' attention and becomes a focal pointemphasis by contrastcontrast of any element(s) of design may help a unit stand out and become the emphasis in a compositionemphasis by isolationa unit that is similar but placed apart from the group may become a point of emphasisemphasis by placementthe placement of a unit in a prominent position within the form helps create a point of emphasis1) no balance 2) asymmetrical balance 3) radial balance 4) symmetrical balanceWhat is the level of arousal from high to low for principles of design?create order through: -the relationships in the layout and surface structure of the products -the relationships between products in a collectionwhat do developers need to do effectively in terms of the principles of design?understand how proportions change as fashion evolveswhat do gatekeepers need to do effectively in terms of the principles of design?make decision and details of fashion clear to customerswhat do promoters need to do effectively in terms of the principles of design?